ENCYCLOPAEDIA OF SAINT PETERSBURG

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City Administration // Government Bodies //
Magistrate courts MAGISTRATE COURTS, the lower echelon of the judiciary system introduced in the course of Judiciary reform of 1864 (see also District court). Magistrate courts were in charge of civil and minor criminal cases. The territory of St. Petersburg was divided into magisterial districts, which in their turn were divided into sectors.

Architecture // Urban Planning // Architectural-planning Organizations and Institutions //
Main Architecture Planning Office MAIN ARCHITECTURE PLANNING OFFICE of Leningrad city council executive committee (2 Lomonosova Square), the chief organization of the city administration on architectural, construction, urban planning issues, and the development of St. Petersburg, suburbs, and the territory of the protective greenbelt.

Army. Navy // Military Administration //
Main Headquarters MAIN HEADQUARTERS, supreme military administrative body in pre-revolutionary Russia. Established in 1815 as the Main Headquarters of His Imperial Majesty, administered the activities of the army, except for economic (the latter being under the jurisdiction of the Military Ministry, subordinate to the Main Headquarters). In 1832 dismissed.

Science. Education // Educational Institutions //

Main Pedagogical Institute

MAIN PEDAGOGICAL INSTITUTE is an institution of higher education for training teachers for secondary schools and for state and private institutions of higher education. The institute dates back to the Teachers' Seminary established in 1786 and transformed into the Pedagogical Institute in 1804. The Pedagogical Institute was renamed the Main Pedagogical Institute in 1816. The training lasts six years. The general course takes two years.

Army. Navy // Personalia //
Science. Education // Personalia //

Makarov S.O. (1848-1904), oceanographer, vice-admiral

MAKAROV Stepan Osipovich (1848-1904), fleet commander, naval scientist, Vice-Admiral (1896). Graduated from Naval School in Nikolaevsk- Na-Amure (1865). Served on the Baltic Fleet from 1869. During the Russian-Turkish War of 1877-78, he attacked Turkish ships with pole mines, then commanded a torpedo ship unit on the Baltic Sea. He was the flag-captain of the Executive Squadron of the Baltic Fleet. He sailed around the world as a captain of the Vityaz corvette in 1886-89.

City Topography // Urban Network // Embankments //
Makarova Embankment MAKAROVA EMBANKMENT (until 1887 - Malaya Neva River Embankment, until 1952 - Tuchkova Embankment), between Birzhevaya Square and Smolenka River Embankment, on Vasilievsky Island, on the left bank of the Malaya Neva. The embankment was named after S.O. Makarov. In the 17th century, there was a settlement of fishermen on this site.

Art // Music, Theatre // Personalia //
Makarova T.F. (1907-1997), actress MAKAROVA Tamara Fedorovna (1907 St. Petersburg - 1997,), film actress and teacher; People's Artist of the USSR in 1950 and Hero of Socialist Labour in 1982. She graduated from the Leningrad Institute of Stage Arts in 1930. She appeared in S. A. Gerasimov's films at Lenfilm Studio from 1927.

Art // Fine Arts // Personalia //

Makhaev M.I., (1718-1770), Artist

MAKHAEV Mikhail Ivanovich (1718-1770, St. Petersburg) was a graphic artist and engraver. He studied at the Admiralty School in 1729-31 and at the instrumental workshop of the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences from 1731 to 1734. From 1734, he worked at the map and word-cutting workshop under engraver G. I. Unfezacht. He participated in the development of various types of the Russian prints.

Art // Fine Arts // Personalia //
Makovsky K.E. (1839-1915), artist MAKOVSKY Konstantin Egorovich (1839-1915, Petrograd), painter, V. E. Makovsky's brother. Studied at the Moscow School of Painting, Sculpture and Architecture (1851-58) under S. K. Zaryanko, completing his studies at the Academy of Arts (1858-62). Academy member (1867) and professor (1869), he became a full member of the Academy of Arts in 1898.

Art // Fine Arts // Personalia //

Makovsky V.E. (1846-1920), Artist

Makovsky Vladimir Egorovich (1846-1920, Petrograd) was an artist. He was a brother of K. E. Makovsky. He studied at the Moscow College of Painting, Sculpture and Architecture in 1861-66, under S. K. Zaryanko. He was a member of the Academy of Arts from 1873, and a professor from 1892. He became a full member of the Academy in 1893. He was a member of the Fellowship of Travelling Art Exhibitions from 1872. He lived in St. Petersburg from 1894.

Science. Education // Science and Planning Institutions //

Malakhit, Central Design Bureau

MALAKHIT (18 Frunze Street), St. Petersburg Bureau of Mechanical Engineering of the Russian Shipbuilding Agency and a leading Russian Design Bureau of nuclear-powered attack submarines and their weaponry. It was established in 1948 as Specialised Design Bureau No. 143, in 1966, it was reorganized into the All-Union Design and Assembly Bureau of Mechanical Engineering. In February 1974, it was merged with Volna Central Design Bureau.

City Topography // Urban Network // Streets //

Malaya Konyushennaya Street

MALAYA KONYUSHENNAYA STREET (in the 18th century Rozhdestvenskaya Street, in 1918-91 Sofia Perovskaya Street), located between Nevsky Prospect and Shvedsky Lane, laid out in the 1760s as a passageway to the Court Stables (hence the name). Its second name commemorated S. L. Perovskaya. The Swedish Church of St. Catherine (house No 1) was built in 1862-65, followed in 1904-05 by its apartment house (house No 3), and the so called Catherine Hall (architect F. I. Lidval).

City Topography // Waterways and Currents // Rivers //

Malaya Neva

MALAYA NEVA, the second largest (after Bolshaya Neva) branch of the Neva river delta. The Malaya Neva separates from the Neva near the Spit of Vasilievsky Island and flows into the Neva Bay between Dekabristov Island and Petrovsky Island, thus converging with the Malaya Nevka. The river is 4.3 kilometres long and 200-375 metres wide, with the depth coming up to 3-7 metres. The average flow rate beside Tuchkov Bridge totals 475 m3 per second.

City Topography // Waterways and Currents // Rivers //

Malaya Nevka

MALAYA NEVKA, a branch of the Neva river delta, which splits off from the Bolshaya Nevka near the Spit of Kamenny Island. The river flows into the Neva Bay between Krestovsky Island and Petrovsky Island, converging with the Malaya Neva. The Malaya Nevka is 4.9 kilometres long and 120-300 metres wide, with the depth varying from 3.6 metres to 6.8 metres. The average flow rate in the head of the river is 224 m3 per second.

City Topography // Historical Geography // Historical Districts, Localities, Tracts, Municipal Establishments //

Malaya Okhta, locality

MALAYA OKHTA, a locality in the eastern part of St. Petersburg, situated on the left bank of the Neva River, above the mouth of the Okhta River. It borders on Soedinitelnaya Railway Line in the north and the Okkervil River in the north-east, adjoining Pravy Bereg Nevy District in the south. The development of the territory started after Okhta Shipyard was laid on the site of the Swedish fortress Nyenskans in 1721; a settlement of workers soon sprang up around the shipyard.

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