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Persons / Lenin (real name Ulyanov) Vladimir Ilyich
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Manizer M.G., (1891-1966), sculptor

MANIZER Matvey Genrikhovich (1891-1966), sculptor, People's Artist of the USSR (1958), chairman of the management board of Leningrad Department of the Union of Artists of Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (1937-41)

Marble Palace

MARBLE PALACE (1/5 Millionnaya Street), an architectural monument of early Neoclassicism. It was constructed in 1768-1785 (architect A. Rinaldi) for Count G.G. Orlov, a favourite of Empress Catherine II

Marr N.Y., (1864/65-1934), orientalist, linguist

MARR Nikolay Yakovlevich (1864-1934), orientalist and linguist, member of the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences (1909), Russian Academy of Science (1917), and the Academy of Sciences of the USSR (1925; Vice-President from 1930)

Martov L. (1873-1923), revolutionary

MARTOV L. (born Yuly Osipovich Tsederbaum) (1873-1923), political figure, publicist. In 1881 he settled in St. Petersburg together with his parents; after graduating from the 1st Petersburg Gymnasium (1891) he entered the chair of Natural Sciences

Medal, In Commemoration of the 250th Anniversary of Leningrad

IN COMMEMORATION of the 250th ANNIVERSARY of LENINGRAD, a state award of the USSR. Instituted according to the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR's Decree of 16 May 1957, and awarded to the recipients of the Defence of Leningrad medal

Memorial plaques (general article)

MEMORIAL PLAQUES. Memorial inscriptions in stone and metal first appeared in St. Petersburg as early as the 18h century. On the descents leading to the Neva River

Moskovskaya Square

MOSKOVSKAYA SQUARE, in the south part of Moskovsky Avenue, at its intersection with Leninsky Avenue and Tipanova Street. Occupying the territory of 13 hectares, it is recognised as the largest square in St. Petersburg

Moskovsky Railway Station

MOSKOVSKY RAILWAY STATION (in 1855-1924 Nikolaevsky Railway Station) (located at 2 Vosstaniya Square), was built in 1844-51 by architect K.A. Ton. A commemorative plaque in his memory appears on the facade

Mravinsky Е.А., (1903-1988), conductor

MRAVINSKY Evgeny Alexandrovich (1903 - 1988, Leningrad), conductor, people's artist of the USSR (1954) and Hero of Socialist Labour (1973). A student of the Second Gymnasium, Petersburg University, and Academic Chapel

Museum of City Sculpture

MUSEUM OF CITY SCULPTURE, State Museum of City Sculpture (STCS) (179/2 Nevsky Prospect) was organised in 1939 with the aim to keep records, provide protection and carry out restoration of major monuments

Museum of History of Revolutionary Democratic Movement of the 1880-1890s

MUSEUM OF HISTORY OF REVOLUTIONARY DEMOCRATIC MOVEMENT Of The 1880-1890s (7 Bolshoy Kazachy Lane) was established in 1992 on basis of Lenin Memorial Museum Flat which had existed since 1938. V. I

Museum of History of the Press

ST. PETERSBURG MUSEUM OF HISTORY OF THE PRESS (32/2 Moika River Embankment), a branch of the Museum of St. Petersburg History. The Museum was opened 25.1.1984 as Lenin and Pravda Museum in the premises which from 5(18) March to 5(18) July 1917

Museums (general article)

MUSEUMS. Russia's first public museums appeared in St. Petersburg. In 1702 Peter the Great issued first orders on collecting and exhibiting high-quality models and various rarities

Nevskaya Zastava

NEVSKAYA ZASTAVA (outpost), a historical name of the territory along the left bank of the Neva River from Alexander Nevsky Lavra to Rybatskoe. It encompasses the following historical districts and localities: Steklyanny Settlement (Glass Settlement)

Obukhovskoy Oborony Avenue

OBUKHOVSKOY OBORONY AVENUE from Alexandra Nevskogo Square to Karavaevskaya Street. It was laid in the early 18th century as a road to Arkhangelsk through Shlisselburg and was known as Shlisselburgskaya Road, Shlyutenburgskaya Road

October Revolution (October Armed Revolt) of 1917

OCTOBER REVOLUTION (OCTOBER ARMED REVOLT) of 1917, the name accepted in Soviet historical literature of the events in Petrograd of 24 -26 October (6 -8 November) 1917

Otsup P.A. (1883-1963), photographer

OTSUP Peter Adolfovich (1883, St. Petersburg 1963), photographer, initiator of Russian photo reporting. In 1890s he worked as a pupil in a photo studio. From 1900, he worked as photographer for journals Ogonyok, Solntse Rossii, Niva, Nash Vestnik

Peterburgsky Sport Concert Complex

PETERBURGSKY SPORT CONCERT COMPLEX (8 Yury Gagarin Avenue). One of the biggest sport complex structures in the country. Built in 1980 (architects I.M. Chaiko, N.V. Baranov, F.N. Yakovlev, engineer L.V

Petersburg Industrial War 1896

PETERSBURG INDUSTRIAL WAR 1896, the name given by Lenin to the Petersburg textile-workers' strike prepared by the Petersburg League of the Struggle for the Emancipation of the Working Class

Petrodvortsovy Watch Factory

PETRODVORTSOVY WATCH FACTORY (Peterhof, 60 Sankt-Peterburgsky Avenue), originated from a marble workshop opened in 1721 and reorganised into a lapidary factory in 1801 to make handcrafted articles of precious and semi-precious stones

Petrograd Defence Committee

PETROGRAD DEFENCE COMMITTEE (the Committee of workers' Petrograd defence), emergency government authority. Established on May 3, 1919 on the basis of Working people and peasants' defence soviet resolution of May 2, 1919

Petrograd Defence of 1919

PETROGRAD DEFENCE OF 1919. Military operations aimed to protect Petrograd in May-December 1919, during the Civil War. The enemy had planned to seize the city with White Guards and Estonian troops under the command of General N.N

Petrograd Revolutionary Defence Committee

PETROGRAD REVOLUTIONARY DEFENCE COMMITTEE, an emergency body, was established on February 21, 1918 at the plenary session of Petrograd Soviet for the purpose of the organization of city defence against approaching German forces

Petrograd Soviet of working people' and soldiers' deputies

PETROGRAD SOVIET OF WORKING PEOPLE' AND SOLDIERS' DEPUTIES (Petrograd Soviet), was established on February 27 (March 12 New Style), 1917 as Petrograd Soviet of working people's deputies; on March 1 (14 New Style) it united with Petrograd Soviet of

Petrogradskaya Side

PETROGRADSKAYA SIDE (in the 18th century - Gorodskaya Side, until 1914 - Peterburgskaya Side), the joint name of the territory that includes the following islands: Petrogradsky, Aptekarsky, Petrovsky and Zayachy

Petrovsky Island

PETROVSKY ISLAND situated between the Malaya Neva River, Malaya Nevka River, and Zhdanovka River separating it from Petrogradsky Island. It is 120 hectares in area, three kilometres long, and 600 metres wide

Petrovsky Stadium.

PETROVSKY STADIUM (2 Petrovsky Island), built in 1957-61 (architect N.V. Baranov, O.I. Guryev, and V.M. Fromzel). In 1924-25 the wooden V.I. Lenin Stadium was built here (architect I.G

Pravda (The Truth), newspaper

PRAVDA (The Truth), a daily legal Bolshevik newspaper, was in operation from April 1912 until July 1914 and from March 1917, on account of censorship it repeatedly changed its name. The circulation fluctuated from 20,000 to a high of 100,000 copies

Pushkinsky District

PUSHKINSKY DISTRICT, an administrative and territorial unit of St. Petersburg (with the territorial administration situated in the town of Pushkin, at 24 Oktyabrsky Boulevard)

Razliv

RAZLIV, a locality in southern Sestroretsk, north of Tarkhovka, on the western bank of Lake Sestroretsky Razliv; also a railway station along the Saint Petersburg -Sestroretsk line

Red Terror

RED TERROR, a policy of repression pursued by the Soviet government in its early years in order to frighten and kill actual and potential (often imaginary) opponents to the Bolshevik regime

Rumyantsev Museum

RUMYANTSEV MUSEUM was opened on 28 May, 1831 in the house of Count N. P. Rumyantsev (44 Angliiskaya Embankment; see Rumyantsev House) transferred to the treasury in 1828 together with its collections and the library (over 30,000 volumes)

Russian National Library

RUSSIAN NATIONAL LIBRARY (RNB) (18 Sadovaya Street), the oldest state general public library of the country, a research centre in the field of bibliology, bibliography and library science

Semenov N.N., (1896-1986), physicist

SEMENOV Nikolay Nikolaevich (1896-1986), physicist, one of the initiators of chemical physics, founder of a scientific school, member of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR (1932), Hero of Socialist Labour (1966, 1976)

Sestroretsky Razliv, lake

SESTRORETSKY RAZLIV is an artificial reservoir in the region of the city of Sestroretsk. It was built during the construction of the armory (see Sestroretsk Toolmaker) by putting up culverts on the Sestra River (hence

Shchyuko V.A. (1878-1939), architect

SHCHYUKO Vladimir Alexeevich (1878-1939), architect and set designer, associate academy member of architecture (1911). Graduated from the Academy of Fine Arts (1904). In the design of K.V

Shishmarev V.F., (1875-1957), philologist

SHISHMAREV Vladimir Fedorovich (1875, St. Petersburg - 1957, Leningrad), philologist, member of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR from 1946. A. N. Veselovsky's student

Shostakovich D.D., (1906-1975), composer

SHOSTAKOVICH Dmitry Dmitrievich (1906, St. Petersburg. - 1975), composer, pianist, pedagogue, People's Artist of the USSR (1954), Hero of Socialist Labor (1966). Honorary Doctor of Oxford (1958) and of many other foreign universities and academies

Smoktunovsky I.M. (1925-1994), actor

SMOKTUNOVSKY (born Smoktunovich) Innokenty Mikhailovich (1925-1994), actor; People's Artist of the USSR in 1974 and Hero of Socialist Labour in 1990. He participated in World War II

Smolenka, river

SMOLENKA, a river, which branches off the Malaya Neva from the left, below Tuchkov Bridge, and flows into the Neva Bay of the Gulf of Finland. The Smolenka separates Vasilievsky Island from Dekabristov Island. The river is 3.3 kilometres long

Smolny Architectural Ensemble

SMOLNY ARCHITECTURAL ENSEMBLE, created over the course of the 18th-20th centuries on the curve of the left bank of the Neva River, on the place of the early 18th century Smolyanoy (Russian "smola" means "resin") courtyard (hence the name)

Smolny, State Museum

SMOLNY, Historic-Memorial State Museum (3 Proletarskoy Diktatury Square). The V. I. Lenin and N. K. Krupskaya Memorial Museum-Room was opened in 1927 in the building of the former Smolny Institute. V. I. Lenin and N. K

Solovyev-Sedoy V.P., (1907-1979), composer

SOLOVYEV-SEDOY (real last name Solovyev) Vasily Pavlovich (1907, St. Petersburg - 1979, Leningrad), composer, People's Artist of the USSR (1967), Hero of Socialist Labour (1975). Graduated from the Leningrad Conservatory studying composition under P

Sovetskie Streets, First - Tenth

SOVETSKIE STREETS, First - Tenth (were called Rozhdestvenskie Streets from 1798 to 1923, after the Nativity of Our Lord Church, with the present-day name given on occasion of the 6th anniversary of the October Revolution of 1917)

Speransky S.B. (1914-1983), architect.

SPERANSKY Sergey Borisovich (1914-1983, Leningrad), architect, people's architect of the USSR (1971), full member of the Academy of Arts of the USSR (1979). He graduated from the Academy of Arts (1941), where he later lectured (from 1947)

Stadiums (entry)

STADIUMS. By the beginning of the 20th century, there were several sport-grounds and football fields in St Petersburg. The Lenin Stadium (1925; now Petrovsky) was Leningrad's first. In 1950, the Kirov Stadium was opened

State Electrotechnical University "LETI", St. Petersburg

STATE ELECTROTECHNICAL UNIVERSITY "LETI", St. Petersburg (SEU) (5 Professora Popova Street) was founded in 1886 as a technical school for the Post and Telegraph Department

Subway

SUBWAY. First subway projects in St. Petersburg date back to the late 19th century. In 1889 the Administrative Committee of the Baltic Railway came up with a project of a subway line connecting Baltiysky and Finlyandsky Railway Stations

Surf, the Publishing House, 1913, 1922

SURF, 1) the legal Bolshevik publishing house. It was established in 1913 under the management of M. S. Olminsky, A. I. Ulyanov-Elizarov, M. A. Savelyev, F. I. Drabkin et al. It was situated at 9 Izmaylovsky Avenue

Sverdlovskaya Embankment

SVERDLOVSKAYA EMBANKMENT (in 1887-1925 - Polyustrovskaya Embankment, after the area of Polyustrovo), on the right bank of the Neva River, between Arsenalnaya Street and Krasnogvardeiskaya Square. It was named after Y.M. Sverdlov

The Elisarovs' museum apartment

THE ELIZAROVS' MUSEUM APARTMENT (52/24 Lenin Street), a branch of Smolny History Memorial Museum. It was opened in 1927 as V. I. Lenin’s memorial apartment museum known under its present name since 1990

Tikhonov N.S. (1896-1979), writer

TIKHONOV Nikolay Semenovich (1896, St. Petersburg - 1979), poet, prose writer, public figure, hero of Socialist Labour (1966). He held the post of a secretary of the Writers Union of the USSR (from 1944). He graduated from St

Tomsky N.V., (1900-1984), sculptor

TOMSKY Nikolay Vasilievich (1900-1984), sculptor, People's Artist of the USSR (1960), member (1949) and President (1968-83) of Academy of Arts of the USSR, Hero of Socialist Labour (1970)

Ukhtomsky A.A., (1875-1942), physiologist

UKHTOMSKY Alexis Alexeevich (1875-1942), physiologist, member of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR (1935). He graduated from Moscow Ecclesiastical Academy in 1898. In 1902, he moved to St. Petersburg, where he graduated from the University of St

Ulanova G.S., (1910-1998), ballet dancer

ULANOVA Galina Sergeevna (1910, St. Petersburg - 1998), dancer, pedagogue, Hero of Socialist Labor (1974, 1980), People"s Artist of the USSR (1951). Graduating from the Leningrad Choreographic School under A.Y

Union of Struggle for Liberation of the Working Class, St. Petersburg

UNION OF STRUGGLE FOR LIBERATION OF THE WORKING CLASS, St. Petersburg, one of the largest social democratic organizations in 1890s. It was founded in 1895 as a number of Marxist circles joined together and operated in close contact with the Group of

Vavilov N.I., (1887-1943), biologist

VAVILOV Nikolay Ivanovich (1887-1943), geneticist, plant-breeder, science official, public figure, Member of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR (1929), Member of the Academy of Sciences of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic (1929)

Velodromes (entry)

VELODROMES. The first velodrome in St. Petersburg with the seating capacity of 10,000 spectators was opened in 1895 on the Kamenny Island; for a short period cycle tracks functioned in Strelna

Zinovyev G.E., a chairman of Petrograd Soviet in 1918-26

ZINOVIEV Grigory Evseevich (born Ovsey-Gershen Aronovich Radomyshelsky, or Radomyslsky) (1883-1936), statesman and party worker. A member of Russian Social-Democratic Workers' Party since 1901


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