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Addresses / Manezhnaya Square/Saint Petersburg, city
Cafes (entry)

CAFES (from the French cafe, meaning coffeehouse or cafeteria). Establishments where customers were offered coffee, chocolate, pastries, and other food and beverages; most likely appeared in St. Petersburg in the early 19th century

Contemporary Architecture

CONTEMPORARY ARCHITECTURE. A rejection of standard and typical styles used for mass residential blocs from the Soviet period; an attempt to enrich the range of expression

Fountains (entry)

FOUNTAINS. The first fountains in St. Petersburg were laid out at the beginning of the 18th century in the Summer Garden. In 1717, the first engine was ordered (engineer Desaguliers) for their water supply and in 1717-1721 Ligovsky Canal was dug

Manezhnaya Square

MANEZHNAYA SQUARE, at the intersection of Italyanskaya Street and Karavannaya Street. It was named in 1866 after the building of Mikhailovsky Manege (1798-1800, architect V.F. Brenna; 1823-24, architect C.I. Rossi )

Monumental Propoganda Plan (monuments)

MONUMENTAL PROPAGANDA PLAN was ratified on 12 April 1918 by the Council of People's Commissars decree on the "removal of monuments, erected in honour of tsars and their servants and the elaboration of monuments of Russian Socialist Revolution" (On

Nikolay Nikolaevich the Elder (1831-1891), Grand Prince

NIKOLAY NIKOLAEVICH the Elder (1831 Tsarskoe Selo - 1891), Grand Prince, Field Marshal General (1878). The third son of Emperor Nicholas I. From 1852, Inspector General of the Engineering Corps, and from 1864 Inspector General of the Cavalry

Pedestrian Zones (entry)

PEDESTRIAN ZONES. The first pedestrian zone in St. Petersburg was laid out on Malaya Konyushennaya Street after its reconstruction in 1995-97 (architect F. K. Romanovsky)

Russo-Turkish wars, Monuments to

RUSSO-TURKISH WARS, MONUMENTS TO. Many monuments devoted to victories by the Russian Army and Fleet during the Russo-Turkish War of 1768-1774 have been erected at the Catherine Park at Tsarskoe Selo

"Sharashki"

"SHARASHKI", the name of secret research institutes or design institutions (Special Design Bureau, Technical Bureau, etc.), that functioned in 1931-55 in the system of the Joint State Political Administration Board of the People's Commissariat of