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Chernyshevsky N. G. (1828-1889), publicist, critic, writer

CHERNYSHEVSKY Nikolay Gavrilovich (1828-1889), publicist, writer, critic. From 1846-64 lived in St. Petersburg (with an interruption from 1851-53). Graduated from the Faculty of History and Philology of Petersburg University (1850)

Chesme Church

Chesme Church, the Church of the Nativity of St. John the Baptist, located at 12 Lensoveta St. An example of Neo-Gothic architecture, erected in 1777-80 (architect Y.M

Chesme Palace

CHESME PALACE (15 Gastello Street), monument of pseudo-Gothic architecture (1774-77, architect Y.M. Felten). Built in Kekerekeksinen meaning, "frog marsh" in Finnish

Chigorin M.I., (1850-1908), chess-player

CHIGORIN MIKHAIL IVANOVICH (1850, Gatchina - 1908), the founder of the Russian chess school. In 1859-68 was brought up in Gatchina Orphan Boarding School of Emperor Nicholas I (today, 25 Oktyabrya avenue, No. 2; memorial plaque)

China Palace (Lomonosov)

CHINA PALACE, a Rococo architectural monument, constructed in 1762-68 in the Upper Park of Oranienbaum (architect A. Rinaldi) as the Holland House. The China Palace acquired its name in the 19th century

China-village (Pushkin)

CHINA-VILLAGE (PUSHKIN), an architectural monument, part of the Tsarskoe Selo Palace and Park Ensemble, divided by Podkapriznaya Road from Catherine Park. Constructed in 1782-98 (architect A. Rinaldi, C

Chistyakov P.P., (1832-1919), artist

CHISTYAKOV Pavel Petrovich (1832-1919, Detskoe Selo), painter and teacher of art. He studied at the Academy of Arts (1849-64) under P.V. Basin. From 1862 to 1870 he was a retainer of the Academy of Arts in Paris and Rome

Christ the Saviour Church

CHRIST THE SAVIOUR CHURCH, located at Novo-Admiralteisky Canal Embankment, at the corner of Angliiskaya Embankment. The common name of the Church of Our Saviour, constructed in memory of sailors

Church of St. Elijah the Prophet

CHURCH OF ST. ELIJAH THE PROPHET at Porokhovye, 75 Revolyutsii Highway, an architectural monument of the Classicist style, built in 1781-85 (the architect is unknown)

Church of the Exaltation of the Holy Cross

CHURCH OF THE EXALTATION OF THE HOLY CROSS, located at 128 Ligovsky Avenue. An architectural monument. Constructed in 1747-49, in the Baroque style (architect I. Y. Schumacher). It replaced the wooden Church of St

Church of the Holy Sign

CHURCH OF THE HOLY SIGN in Tsarskoe Selo (2a Sadovaya Street, Pushkin), an architectural monument in the Baroque style of the reign of Anna Ioannovna. It was built according to the plans of architect M. G. Zemtsov with the assistance of I. Y

Cinemas (entry)

CINEMAS. The first film shows in St. Petersburg were held in 1896. In the early, so-called "slapstick" period of cinematography history, films were shown in restaurants, skating rinks, cafes and became a part of theatre performances

Cinizelli's Circus

CINIZELLI'S CIRCUS, the first stationary circus in St. Petersburg. It was founded by the Italian circus actor and entrepreneur G. Cinizelli (1815-1881). In 1869 the circus family of Cinizelli, touring Russia, joined K

Circus (entry)

CIRCUS. The establishment of circuses in St. Petersburg was preceded by traditional Russian amusements and games where trained animals took part in the fun. In the first years of the city's live bear-baiting (bear comedies) appeared in St

City Archaeology

CITY ARCHAEOLOGY. A branch of archaeological research, developed in St. Petersburg (Leningrad) from the middle of the 20th century. Archaeological research in the city started with archaeological excavations conducted in 1952 by archaeologist A.D

City Clock

CITY CLOCK. The very first mechanical clock in the city was installed in 1704 in the tower of wooden St. Peter and Paul Cathedral. In 1710, the first striker clock (with chimes) was set up on the belfry of the Church of St

City Duma

CITY DUMA, administrative body of the city government. It was instituted in 1786 by Cities letter of grant (1785). City Duma was in charge of the city economy, taxes and levies, trade, medicine, education etc

City Gardens (entry)

CITY GARDENS are landscape architectural monuments. In contrast to city parks, in the process of planting and arranging the gardens, the original fauna and character of the area are almost completely lost

City Holidays (entry)

CITY HOLIDAYS. In the early 18th century tsar Peter the Great established a new type of holidays which were divided into official (or state holidays) - victory celebrations, jubilees etc. and popular carnivals (see Popular carnivals)

City transport (general article)

CITY TRANSPORT, transport means for intra-city freight and passenger transportation, as well as transport, providing public services. City transport is divided into passenger, freight and special urban transport

Civil Servants

CIVIL SERVANTS, a social-professional group forming a part of the St. Petersburg population, serving state institutions. In 1722 Emperor Peter the Great introduced a Table of Ranks

Cleaning of Leningrad in the Spring of 1942

CLEANING OF LENINGRAD IN THE SPRING OF 1942. Measures taken in spring 1942 to clean the city of corpses and sewage that remained under the snow throughout the winter of 1941-42

Clerics of Novgorod and St. Petersburg (general article)

RULING CLERICS, members of the upper church hierarchy in the St. Petersburg Eparchy, consisting of bishops, archbishops and metropolitans. The Eparchy was known as the Eparchy of St. Petersburg and Schliesselburg (1742-70), St

Clubs (entry)

CLUBS (in the 18th - beginning of the 20th century, also called Meetings), until the beginning of the 20th century they were voluntary corporate or class public institutions for leisure and socializing

Coat of Arms, St. Petersburg

ST. PETERSBURG COAT OF ARMS, an officially approved heraldic emblem. The first known St. Petersburg coat of arms was on the banner of the St. Petersburg Regiment (1712), and showed a heart on the princely mantle beneath a princely crown

College Buildings

COLLEGE BUILDINGS, group of college buildings including classes, workshops, library, assembly hall, recreation rooms, dormitories, etc. Among the first college buildings were the buildings of the Cadet Corps, Academy of Arts, Foster House

Combined Infantry of His Imperial Majesty’s Own Regiment

COMBINED INFANTRY OF HIS IMPERIAL MAJESTY’S OWN REGIMENT, originates to the combined company, which guarded emperor Alexander II during the Russo-Turkish War of 1877-78. In March 1881 in St

Comedians Halt, Cabaret

COMEDIANS HALT (Astrologer) (Prival Comediantov (Zvezdochet)), literary and artistic cabaret theatre. It was opened in 1916 in the vault of the House of Adamini (7 the Field of Mars)

Commandant's House

COMMANDANT'S HOUSE, the commandant's residence at Peter and Paul Fortress. The first wooden Commandant's house was constructed in 1704. In 1718, it was replaced by a new building

Commemorative badge To the Residents of Besieged Leningrad

TO THE RESIDENTS OF BESIEGED LENINGRAD, a commemorative medal, instituted by the Executive Committee of the Leningrad Soviet of 23 January 1989. The decoration was conferred upon those people who lived in Leningrad during the siege of 1941-44 for