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Bibliographies / Г.М.Кржижановский. Жизнь и деятельность: Сб. воспоминаний. М., 1974
Imperial Court

IMPERIAL COURT, Russian Emperors' court personnel, organized by Emperor Peter the Great according to French and Prussian courts, finally brought under strict regulations during Emperor Nikolas I's reign

Imperial Entrances

IMPERIAL ENTRANCES, court ceremonies in the 18th - the early 20th centuries. A ceremonial entrance accompanied the Emperor and members of the Imperial Family from the suites and inner (dwelling) apartments of their residence

Imperial Family

IMPERIAL FAMILY, members of the Russian monarch's family, called by succession to the throne or by lawful marriage to those who had such right. Legal status of the Imperial Family was ratified by Emperor Pavel I in 1797 by the Resolution on the

Imperial Funerals

IMPERIAL FUNERALS, one of the most important ceremonies. Performed according to Emperor Peter the Great's funeral (1725), consisting of three parts: display of the body of the departed, transportation of the body to the SS

Imperial Hunts

IMPERIAL HUNTS were an important part of Imperial Court life. The Imperial Hunts combined traditions from Russian Tsar Hunts of the 16th-17th centuries, and hunting customs of European courts

Imperial Residences

IMPERIAL RESIDENCES, palaces, the official abodes of the Emperors, the Imperial Court, recognized by law as such; property of the Treasury and maintained at the expense of the State Treasury House. The place of court ceremonies

Imperial Theatres

IMPERIAL THEATRES (in the 18th century court theatres, in the 19th century also called public theatres), originally intended to entertain the Imperial family, and to entertain and educate the public

Industrial Architecture (entry)

INDUSTRIAL ARCHITECTURE. Construction of buildings for industrial purposes originally determined the appearance of St. Petersburg and its outskirts. The industrial style buildings included the Admiralty Shipyard, Partikulyarnaya Shipyard

Industry (entry)

INDUSTRY was one of the most important parts of the economy of St. Petersburg, developing concurrently with the city and growing along. Due to the country’s foreign policy and geography

Ingermanland

INGERMANLAND (Swedish variant, Ingermanland; Russian variant, Izhorskaya Zemlya, or Ingria), a historic-cultural region including the Neva region, the Gulf of Finland shore, and the southwestern of Ladoga Region

Inns (entry)

INNS. Establishments featuring apartments and rooms for lodgers, as well as dining halls (similar to modern hotels). In the early 18th century kharchevnies (taverns) were also called inns or traktirs (Avsteria, Krasny Kabachok)

Inostrantsev A.A., (1843-1919), geologist, archaeologist

INOSTRANTSEV Alexander Alexandrovich (1843, Farforovoe Village, close to St. Petersburg -1919, Petrograd), geologist, Corresponding Member of the Petersburg Academy of Sciences (1901) and the Russian Academy of Sciences (1917)

Institute for the History of Material Culture of the Russian Academy of Sciences

INSTITUTE FOR THE HISTORY OF MATERIAL CULTURE of the Russian Academy of Sciences, situated at 18 Dvortsovaya Embankment. It was founded in 1919 on the basis of the Archaeological Committee established in St

Institute of Artistic Culture

INSTITUTE OF ARTISTIC CULTURE, State. The institute was organised in 1923 on the basis of the Museum of Artistic Culture, and was located at 9 St.Isaac's Square

Institute of Experimental Medicine

INSTITUTE OF EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE, a research institute situated at 12 Akademika Pavlova Street. It was founded by Prince A. P. Oldenburgsky as the Imperial Institute of Experimental Medicine in 1890 to become the first multifield medical and

Institute of Haematology and Transfusion Science

INSTITUTE OF HAEMATOLOGY AND TRANSFUSION SCIENCE, Russian State Research Institute of Haematology and Transfusiology situated at 16 Second Sovetskaya Street. It was founded on the initiative of E. R

Institute of History of the Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg

INSTITUTE OF HISTORY of the Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, located at 7 Petrozavodskaya Street, successor to the Archaeographic Commission. It was established in 1936 as the Leningrad Department of the Institute of History of the

Institute of History, Philosophy, and Linguistics

INSTITUTE OF HISTORY, PHILOSOPHY, AND LINGUISTICS, Leningrad, founded in 1930/31 as the History and Linguistics Institute on the basis of a history and linguistics department separated from the Leningrad State University

Institute of Human Brain of the Russian Academy of Sciences

INSTITUTE OF THE HUMAN BRAIN of the Russian Academy of Sciences, situated at 9 Akademika Pavlova Street. It was founded in 1990 on the initiative of N. V. Bekhtereva, a member of the academy

Institute of Oriental Studies of the Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg Branch

INSTITUTE OF ORIENTAL STUDIES of the Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg Branch, situated at 18 Palace Square, one of the world's centres of oriental studies. It was founded as the Asian Museum on the basis of Kunstkammer's Oriental Chamber in 1818

Institute of St. Petersburg, non-governmental organisation

INSTITUTE OF ST. PETERSBURG, educational institution established in 1991 with the purpose of popularising St. Petersburg culture history; teaching a two-year course which included lectures on the history of architecture, literature, art

Insurance companies (entry)

INSURANCE COMPANIES, financial and credit institutions, which deal with various kinds of insurance (life, real estate, personal estate insurance, etc.), the basic principle of which consists in compensating damages incurred by one person through

Integrated House-Building Factory

INTEGRATED HOUSE-BUILDING FACTORY (DSK), facilities ensuring mechanized construction of residential-houses and public buildings to standard designs. The idea of DSK creation was promoted in Leningrad in 1958 (engineers S.M. Verizhnikov, V.Y. Isaev

Inter-Regional Party

INTER-REGIONAL PARTY (from the end of 1914 referred to as St. Petersburg Inter-Regional Committee of United Socialists Revolutionaries and Internationalists) was a socialist democratic organisation in St. Petersburg (Petrograd)

Interyerny (Interior) Theatre

INTERYERNY (INTERIOR) THEATRE, State theatre, St. Petersburg, located at 104 Nevsky Prospect, established on 8 June 1988 as a theatre-studio based on a collective contract. Its founder and artistic director was N.V. Belyak, its main designer M.I

Ioann (Snychev) (1927-1995), Metropolitan of St. Petersburg and Ladoga 1990-1995

IOANN (lay name Ivan Matveevich Snychev) (1927-1995, St. Petersburg), Church figure, historian and spiritual writer, Doctor of Theology (1988). In 1944-45, Ioann served in the army

Ioffe A.F., (1880-1960), physicist

IOFFE Abram Fedorovich (1880-I960, Leningrad), physicist, organiser of science, Member of the Petersburg Academy of Sciences (1916), the Russian Academy of Sciences (1920)

Ioffe Physics-Technical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences

IOFFE PHYSICS-TECHNICAL INSTITUTE of the Russian Academy of Sciences, located at 26 Politekhnicheskaya Street, was established in 1918 by academician A. F. Ioffe (a director until 1951, the institute has been named after him since 1960)

Irinovsky Avenue

IRINOVSKY AVENUE, running from Boksitogorskaya Street to Kommuny Street, one of the major arteries of the Porokhovye area. The avenue runs parallel to the former Irinovskaya Railroad line (hence the name)

Isaev V. I., (1854-1911), doctor

ISAEV Vasily Isaevich (1854-1911, St. Petersburg), doctor, microbiologist, Doctor of Medicine (1887). He graduated from the Faculty of Medicine of Moscow University (1877)

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