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Olenin A.N., (1763/64-1843), Historian, Artist, Statesman

OLENIN Alexey Nikolaevich (1763 or 1764-1843, St. Petersburg) statesman, archaeologist, philologist, graphic artist, member of the Russian Academy (1786), honorary member of the Academy of Arts (1804), president of the Academy of Arts (1817-43)

Oleynikov N.M. (1898-1937), writer

OLEYNIKOV Nikolay Makarovich (pen-names Makar Svirepy, Nikolay Makarov, Sergey Kravtsov) (1898-1937, Leningrad), writer, journalist. Studied at Kamensk Teachers College. Took part in the Civil War. From 1925 lived in Leningrad

Olgino, settlement

OLGINO, a summer cottage village 15 kilometres northwest of Saint Petersburg, on the northern coast of the Gulf of Finland, in the vicinity of a cognominal railway platform

Omnibus

OMNIBUS (lat. omnibus - for all), a multi-seater horse-powered vehicle, the first public city route of trackless transportation. First omnibuses started operating in the summer of 1830, running from St

Opekushin A.M., (1838-1923), sculptor

Opekushin Alexander Mikhailovich (1838-1923), sculptor. Studied at the Drawing School of the Society of Art Promotion and in the workshop of sculptor D.I. Jensen. Was a full member of Academy of Arts (1895)

OPOYaZ

OPOYaZ (the Society for Studying Poetic Language), one of the trends of the formal school of literary criticism. The history of OPOYaZ started from the publication of the brochure by V. B. Shklovsky Resurrection of the Word (1914)

Oppel V. A., (1872 - 1932), surgeon

OPPEL Vladimir Andreevich (1872, St. Petersburg - 1932, Leningrad), surgeon, Doctor of Medicine (1899). He graduated from the Military Medical Academy (1896), and taught there, becoming a professor in 1907

Oranienbaum Bridgehead

ORANIENBAUM BRIDGEHEAD (Primorsky Bridgehead), a territory along the shore of the Gulf of Finland, from the Voronka River to Peterhof (about 65 km long and 25 km deep)

Oranienbaum, palace and park ensemble

ORANIENBAUM, a palace and park ensemble (Lomonosov town) that started to form during the first quarter of the 18th century, when the country estate of A.D. Menshikov appeared on the coast of the Gulf of Finland 44 kilometres from St. Petersburg

Oranienbaum, Park Museum

ORANIENBAUM, PARK MUSEUM, state in the town of Lomonosov, was established in 1918 in the territory of the palace and park ensemble of the same name. Oranienbaum was opened to visitors in 1922. The museum got its present-day name in 1993

Orbeli I.A., (1887-1961), orientalist

ORBELI Iosif Abgarovich (1887-1961, Leningrad), orientalist, member of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR (1935), member and the first president of the Academy of Sciences of the Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic (1943). Brother of L.A. Orbeli

Orbeli L.A., (1882-1958), physiologist

ORBELI Leon (Levon) Abgarovich (1882-1958), physiologist, member (1935) and vice-president (1942-46) of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, member of the Academy of Sciences of the Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic (1943)

Orgnabor

ORGNABOR, organized hiring of workers to industrial enterprises. The orgnabor was launched by the resolution of TsIK (Central Executive Committee) and SNK (Soviet of People's Commissars) of the USSR On “otkhodnichestvo” issued on June 30, 1931

Orlenev Pavel Nikolaevich (1869-1932), actor

ORLENEV (real last name Orlov) Pavel Nikolaevich (1869-1932), actor, People's Artist of the Republic (1926). He studied at the Moscow Imperial Theatre School (1885-86; undergraduate)

Orlov Family

ORLOV FAMILY, nobles, counts and princes, known since the 17th century. Brothers Grigory, Vladimir, Alexey and Fedor Orlov took an active part in the take-over of 28 June 1762

Orlovsky B.I., (1796-1837), sculptor

ORLOVSKY (real name Smirnov) Boris Ivanovich (1796-1837), sculptor, adherent of Classicism. Born into a family of serfs. From 1809 studied in Moscow under S.P. Campioni, and from 1817 in St. Petersburg under A. Triscorni

Orphanages (entry)

ORPHANAGE for children, charitable educational institutions established in 1837-1917, offering 24-hour or day only shelter and primary education for poor children from 3 to 10 years of age

Ostrogradsky M.V., (1801-1861), mathematician

OSTROGRADSKY Mikhail Vasilevich (1801-1861), mathematician and mechanic, member of the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences (1828). He graduated from the University of Kharkov in 1820 and settled in St. Petersburg eight years later

Ostroumova-Lebedeva A.P., (1871-1955), Artist

OSTROUMOVA-LEBEDEVA Anna Petrovna (1871, St. Petersburg - 1955, Leningrad) graphic artist, aquarellist, people's artist of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (1946), full member of the Academy of Arts of the USSR (1949). She married S

Ostrovskogo Square

OSTROVSKOGO SQUARE known as Alexandrinskaya Square before 1923, between Nevsky Prospect and Zodchego Rossi Street. It was renamed after playwright A. N. Ostrovsky (1823-86). The square was designed by architect K. I

Otechestvennye Zapiski (Notes of the Fatherland), journal

OTECHESTVENNYE ZAPISKI (Notes of the Fatherland). 1) A literary and political journal, founded by P. P. Svinyin as an annual journal. It appeared in 1818-30, from 1820 circulated as a monthly and published articles and material on the history of

Otkhodniki

OTKHODNIKI, seasonal workers (mainly peasants), who came to St. Petersburg in search of work. Otkhodniki appeared in the city at the beginning of the 18th century and took part in the city's construction

Ott D. O., (1855-1929), obstetrician, gynaecologist

OTT Dmitry Oskarovich (1855-1929, Leningrad), obstetrician, gynaecologist, Doctor of Medicine (1884), court medic (1895). Ott graduated from the Medical Surgical Academy in 1879

Ott Institute of Obstetrics and Gynaecology

OTT INSTITUTE OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNAECOLOGY, a research institute situated at 3 Mendeleevskaya Street. It was founded in 1797 on the initiative of Empress Maria Fedorovna as the Midwifery Institute named the Imperial Midwifery Institute from 1828

Our Lady’s Church of Joy for All Who Sorrow

OUR LADY’S CHURCH OF JOY FOR ALL WHO SORROW, located at 24 Obukhovskoy Oborony Avenue, was built in 1894-98 in the Muscovite style (architects A.I. von Gogen and A.V

Our Lady’s Church of Joy for All Who Sorrow

OUR LADY’S CHURCH OF JOY FOR ALL WHO SORROW, located at 35a Shpalernaya Street. Constructed in 1817-18, in a late Classicist style (architect L. Rusca), replacing the Holy Resurrection Church built in 1711 at the palace of Tsarina Natalya Alexeevna

Paediatric Medical Academy

PEDIATRIC MEDICAL ACADEMY, St. Petersburg State Paediatric Medical Academy situated at 2 Litovskaya Street, the first and only Russian higher education institution specialised in paediatricians' training

Page Corps

PAGE CORPS (The Imperial Page Corps), a closed privileged military educational institution, which trained pupils for court, military and civil service. It was based in 1759 as a court school for the preparation of pages (situated at 33 Millionnaya

Pahlen von der P.A. governor-general in 1797-1801

Pahlen (v. der Pahlen) Peter Alexeevich (Peter Ludwig) (1745-1826), count (1799), statesman and a military figure, Cavalry General (1798). Since 1760 had been attending military service; took part in the Seven-year war of 1756-63

Pakhomov A.F., (1900-1973), Artist

PAKHOMOV Alexey Fedorovich (1900-1973, Leningrad) graphic artist, painter, people's artist of the USSR (1971), full member of the Academy of Arts of the USSR (1964). Lived in Petrograd from 1915