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Christ the Saviour Church
CHRIST THE SAVIOUR CHURCH, located at Novo-Admiralteisky Canal Embankment, at the corner of Angliiskaya Embankment. The common name of the Church of Our Saviour, constructed in memory of sailors
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Church of St. Elijah the Prophet
CHURCH OF ST. ELIJAH THE PROPHET at Porokhovye, 75 Revolyutsii Highway, an architectural monument of the Classicist style, built in 1781-85 (the architect is unknown)
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Church of the Exaltation of the Holy Cross
CHURCH OF THE EXALTATION OF THE HOLY CROSS, located at 128 Ligovsky Avenue. An architectural monument. Constructed in 1747-49, in the Baroque style (architect I. Y. Schumacher). It replaced the wooden Church of St
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Church of the Holy Sign
CHURCH OF THE HOLY SIGN in Tsarskoe Selo (2a Sadovaya Street, Pushkin), an architectural monument in the Baroque style of the reign of Anna Ioannovna. It was built according to the plans of architect M. G. Zemtsov with the assistance of I. Y
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Cinemas (entry)
CINEMAS. The first film shows in St. Petersburg were held in 1896. In the early, so-called "slapstick" period of cinematography history, films were shown in restaurants, skating rinks, cafes and became a part of theatre performances
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Cinizelli's Circus
CINIZELLI'S CIRCUS, the first stationary circus in St. Petersburg. It was founded by the Italian circus actor and entrepreneur G. Cinizelli (1815-1881). In 1869 the circus family of Cinizelli, touring Russia, joined K
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Circus (entry)
CIRCUS. The establishment of circuses in St. Petersburg was preceded by traditional Russian amusements and games where trained animals took part in the fun. In the first years of the city's live bear-baiting (bear comedies) appeared in St
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City Archaeology
CITY ARCHAEOLOGY. A branch of archaeological research, developed in St. Petersburg (Leningrad) from the middle of the 20th century. Archaeological research in the city started with archaeological excavations conducted in 1952 by archaeologist A.D
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City Clock
CITY CLOCK. The very first mechanical clock in the city was installed in 1704 in the tower of wooden St. Peter and Paul Cathedral. In 1710, the first striker clock (with chimes) was set up on the belfry of the Church of St
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City Duma
CITY DUMA, administrative body of the city government. It was instituted in 1786 by Cities letter of grant (1785). City Duma was in charge of the city economy, taxes and levies, trade, medicine, education etc
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City Holidays (entry)
CITY HOLIDAYS. In the early 18th century tsar Peter the Great established a new type of holidays which were divided into official (or state holidays) - victory celebrations, jubilees etc. and popular carnivals (see Popular carnivals)
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City transport (general article)
CITY TRANSPORT, transport means for intra-city freight and passenger transportation, as well as transport, providing public services. City transport is divided into passenger, freight and special urban transport
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Cleaning of Leningrad in the Spring of 1942
CLEANING OF LENINGRAD IN THE SPRING OF 1942. Measures taken in spring 1942 to clean the city of corpses and sewage that remained under the snow throughout the winter of 1941-42
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Clerics of Novgorod and St. Petersburg (general article)
RULING CLERICS, members of the upper church hierarchy in the St. Petersburg Eparchy, consisting of bishops, archbishops and metropolitans. The Eparchy was known as the Eparchy of St. Petersburg and Schliesselburg (1742-70), St
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Clubs (entry)
CLUBS (in the 18th - beginning of the 20th century, also called Meetings), until the beginning of the 20th century they were voluntary corporate or class public institutions for leisure and socializing
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Coat of Arms, St. Petersburg
ST. PETERSBURG COAT OF ARMS, an officially approved heraldic emblem. The first known St. Petersburg coat of arms was on the banner of the St. Petersburg Regiment (1712), and showed a heart on the princely mantle beneath a princely crown
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College Buildings
COLLEGE BUILDINGS, group of college buildings including classes, workshops, library, assembly hall, recreation rooms, dormitories, etc. Among the first college buildings were the buildings of the Cadet Corps, Academy of Arts, Foster House
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Combined Infantry of His Imperial Majesty’s Own Regiment
COMBINED INFANTRY OF HIS IMPERIAL MAJESTY’S OWN REGIMENT, originates to the combined company, which guarded emperor Alexander II during the Russo-Turkish War of 1877-78. In March 1881 in St
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Comedians Halt, Cabaret
COMEDIANS HALT (Astrologer) (Prival Comediantov (Zvezdochet)), literary and artistic cabaret theatre. It was opened in 1916 in the vault of the House of Adamini (7 the Field of Mars)
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Commandant's House
COMMANDANT'S HOUSE, the commandant's residence at Peter and Paul Fortress. The first wooden Commandant's house was constructed in 1704. In 1718, it was replaced by a new building
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Commemorative badge To the Residents of Besieged Leningrad
TO THE RESIDENTS OF BESIEGED LENINGRAD, a commemorative medal, instituted by the Executive Committee of the Leningrad Soviet of 23 January 1989. The decoration was conferred upon those people who lived in Leningrad during the siege of 1941-44 for
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Commerce (general)
COMMERCE. Favorably located, St. Petersburg has always played a major role in the country’s foreign trade (see Sea Port). The life of the city itself has been mainly supported by home trade, retail trade above all
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Commercial Colleges (Entry)
COMMERCIAL COLLEGES, institutions of intermediate education with general and special commercial educational courses. The first Russian commercial college was established in Moscow in 1772 by P. A. Demidov. It was transferred to St
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Commercial Kitchens
COMMERCIAL KITCHENS were factories for public food service and enterprises for mass production of ready-to-serve and semi-finished meals. They were built in Leningrad at the end of the 1920s - beginning of the 1930s with the purpose of providing hot
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Commission for St. Petersburg and Moscow Stone Construction
COMMISSION FOR ST. PETERSBURG AND MOSCOW STONE CONSTRUCTION was the state institution addressing the issues of urban planning and development of both capitals and other cities. It was formed on 11 December 1762 and was supervised by the Senate
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Communities of Sisters Of Mercy (common)
COMMUNITIES of Sisters Of Mercy, a charitable women’s organisation for training professional nurses to take care of sick and wounded men. They became an important part of the women’s emancipation movement and appeared in St
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Confessions, Non-Orthodox (entry)
NON ORTHODOX CONFESSIONS, Christian non-Orthodox churches. From the beginning of the 18th century, St. Petersburg was the centre of foreign confessions in Russia. The most numerous community were the Roman Catholics
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Constituent Assembly, All-Russian
ALL-RUSSIAN CONSTITUENT ASSEMBLY, a body of representatives established on the basis of universal suffrage in order to form a government and draft a Constitution for Russia
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Constructivism
CONSRTUCTIVISM, the main style in the architecture of the Soviet avant-garde of the 1920s and early 1930s. Based on the principle of functionality expressed in dynamically separated structures, it featured well-defined spaces and laconic surfaces
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Consular Institutions (entry)
CONSULAR INSTITUTIONS, or permanent governmental organs for foreign affairs, executed security and protection of economic and judicial interests of their country's citizens and legal bodies, the issuance of visas and passports, and acted as notaries
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