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Catherine II (1729-1796), Empress
Catherine II (1729-1796, St. Petersburg), Empress (from 1761), wife of Emperor Peter III (1745). Nee Sophie Augusta Frederica of Anhalt-Zerbst. Lived in St. Petersburg from 1744, coming to power by dethroning her husband (1762)
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Cavalry Life Guards Regiment
CAVALRY LIFE GUARDS REGIMENT, cavalry guard regiment, formed in 1730 as Cavalry Guards out of the Kronschlott Dragoon Regiment, whose history dates back to 1706. From the 1780s, known as Cavalry Life Guards Regiment
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Central Military and Naval Museum
MILITARY AND NAVAL MUSEUM, Central Museum of the Ministry of Defence of the Russian Federation (4 Birzhevaya Square), one of Russia's oldest museums. It was founded by Tsar Peter the Great in 1709 as Model Chamber
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Chasseur Life Guards Regiment
CHASSEUR LIFE GUARDS REGIMENT, infantry guards regiment. Formed in 1796 as a battalion, in 1806 deployed into a regiment. Participated in the Napoleonic Wars of 1805, 1806-07, 1812-14, wars with Turkey 1828-29, 1877-78
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Cholera Riot 1831
CHOLERA RIOT 1831, disturbances by ordinary people connected with the appearance of cholera, a formerly unknown disease in St. Petersburg. The central events of the Cholera Revolt occurred on Sennaya Square and at Sennoy Market on 14 February 1831
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Cleaning of Leningrad in the Spring of 1942
CLEANING OF LENINGRAD IN THE SPRING OF 1942. Measures taken in spring 1942 to clean the city of corpses and sewage that remained under the snow throughout the winter of 1941-42
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Coat of Arms, St. Petersburg
ST. PETERSBURG COAT OF ARMS, an officially approved heraldic emblem. The first known St. Petersburg coat of arms was on the banner of the St. Petersburg Regiment (1712), and showed a heart on the princely mantle beneath a princely crown
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Collegiums (entry)
COLLEGIUMS, central State control facilities, organised on the principle of departments; established by Tsar Peter the Great in 1717-21. Each collegium was headed by a president appointed by the Tsar; each president had a vice-president as a
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Commandants of Peter and Paul Fortress
COMMANDANTS OF PETER AND PAUL FORTRESS, military officials, in charge of Ss. Peter-and-Paul Fortress, and garrisons and establishments located on its territory
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Commemorative badge To the Residents of Besieged Leningrad
TO THE RESIDENTS OF BESIEGED LENINGRAD, a commemorative medal, instituted by the Executive Committee of the Leningrad Soviet of 23 January 1989. The decoration was conferred upon those people who lived in Leningrad during the siege of 1941-44 for
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Communist Battalions
COMMUNIST BATTALIONS. Special subunits of the People's Volunteer Militia, formed as an emergency measure in Leningrad in 1941 - early 1942 on the initiative of local parties
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Cossack Life Guards Regiment
COSSACK LIFE GUARDS REGIMENT, regiment of guards cavalry, recruited from the Don Cossacks. Formed in 1795 out of the Don and Chuguev Court Cossack Companies (set up in 1775) and the Gatchina Cossack Regiment (set up in 1793) as the Hussar Cossack
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Court Ceremonies
COURT CEREMONIES, acts performed by the monarch as part of his responsibilities and duties, accompanied by formal ceremonial spectacles and events. Court ceremonies played an important role in the life of the Imperial Court and were the best (and
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Dashkova E.R. (1744-1810), statesman
DASHKOVA (nee Vorontsova) Ekaterina Romanovna (1744 - 1810 , St. Petersburg),duchess and patroness of science and education. A member of the Vorontsov family. She was a participant of the Court Revolt of 1762 and supporter of Empress Catherine II
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Decorations of Leningrad
THE DECORATIONS OF LENINGRAD, orders conferred upon the city as a token in recognition of its services and achievements. Awards received by Leningrad include the Order of the Red Banner (awarded on 5 December 1919
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Defence Constructions of 1941-43
DEFENCE CONSTRUCTION OF 1941-43. Mass defence construction across Leningrad and the Leningrad Region was conducted throughout the Great Patriotic War of 1941-45 by civilians (mainly women
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Drozd V.P.(1906-1943) Vice Admiral
DROZD Valentin Petrovich (1906-1943), Soviet military commander, Vice Admiral (1941). Graduated from Frunze Military Naval Academy (1928). In 1938-40, served as commander of the Northern Fleet
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Duel
DUEL (single combat, satisfaction), singe combat of two individuals with the same weapons (epee, sabre, pistol, rarely - others) and in fair conditions, held according to definite rules in the presence of witnesses (seconds) from both parties at the
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Elizaveta (Elizabeth) Petrovna (1709-1761), Empress
ELIZAVETA (Elizabeth) PETROVNA (1709-1761, St. Petersburg), Empress (since 1741), daughter of Peter the Great and Elizaveta I. Before taking the throne, she lived in a palace at the Tsaritsyn Medow in St
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Evacuations of 1812, 1854-55, 1917
EVACUATIONS OF 1812, 1854-55, 1917. Organised removal of state establishments and state valuables from St. Petersburg during the wars with Napoleonic France due to a fear of the enemy's capturing the city
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Evdokimov N.A. (1909-1938), pilot, parachutist
EVDOKIMOV Nikolay Alexandrovich (1909-1938), pilot, parachutist, captain (1937). Graduated from the Aviation School (1930). Served in the 1st Special Operations Squadron in Gatchina. Was the first man in Russia to perform a delayed drop (22.5
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Extirpation Battalions
EXTIRPATION BATTALIONS, volunteer force units (from 50 to 300 people) organised by the People's Commissariat of Home Affairs (NKVD) of the USSR. The units were established during the Great Patriotic War of 1941-45 to provide internal security
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Fedorov V.G. (1874-1966), constructor
FEDOROV Vladimir Grigoryevich (1874, St. Petersburg - 1966), constructor of small arms, professor (1940), Lieutenant General (1943), and Hero of Labour (1928). Graduated from Mikhailovsky Artillery College (1895) and the Mikhailovsky Artillery
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Fortifications, Regional
REGIONAL FORTIFICATIONS. (1) Units of the armed forces, including permanent defence constructions on certain territories and troops assigned to defend them. In 1932-39
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Founding of St. Petersburg
FOUNDING OF ST. PETERSBURG. In May 1703, after the surrender of Nyenschantz, Tsar Peter the Great decided to build a fortress at the mouth of the Neva River on Zayachy Island
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Garrison
GARRISON of St.Petersburg, troops, stationed in St. Petersburg, under the joint command and assigned with functions of protecting and defending the city. The term garrison also implies a military administrative structure
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Gendarmerie
GENDARMERIE, 1) military police, which secured the rear of the standing army, aiming to prevent marauding and desertion. Gendarmerie was founded by M. B. Barclay de Tolly in 1815
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General Staff Academy
GENERAL STAFF ACADEMY (until 1855 - the Imperial Military Academy, from 1855 - the Nicholas General Staff Academy, from 1909 - the Imperial Nicholas Military Academy), advanced military scientific and educational institution, founded in 1832
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Golitsyn M.M. (1675-1730), Field Marshal-General
GOLITSYN Mikhail Mikhailovich (1675-1730), Prince, military commander, Field Marshal General (1725). Commenced his military career as a private soldier of the Semenovsky Regiment
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Great Northern War of 1700-21
GREAT NORTHERN WAR OF 1700-21 was the war declared by a coalition of states from Central and Eastern Europe (the main participants were Russia, Denmark and Saxony) against Sweden
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