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City Duma
CITY DUMA, administrative body of the city government. It was instituted in 1786 by Cities letter of grant (1785). City Duma was in charge of the city economy, taxes and levies, trade, medicine, education etc
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City Emergency Commission
CITY EMERGENCY COMMISSION on the ascertainment and investigation of the fascist agressors and their confederates' crimes and the damage caused by them to organizations
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City Guards
CITY GUARDS, the name of the lowest ranks of police holding duty in the streets; the name was used from the first quarter of the 19th century along with the name of booth-guards. After the division of St
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City Holidays (entry)
CITY HOLIDAYS. In the early 18th century tsar Peter the Great established a new type of holidays which were divided into official (or state holidays) - victory celebrations, jubilees etc. and popular carnivals (see Popular carnivals)
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City Self-Government
CITY SELF-GOVERNMENT, elected organs responsible for different aspects of city life. The beginning of City Self-Government was laid by Tsar Peter the Great, who set up the Town council in 1710 in St. Petersburg
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City transport (general article)
CITY TRANSPORT, transport means for intra-city freight and passenger transportation, as well as transport, providing public services. City transport is divided into passenger, freight and special urban transport
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Civil governor
CIVIL GOVERNOR, the head of the provincial administration in St. Petersburg province. Officially the post of civil governor was founded in 1761 (before then, since 1736 the functions of civil governor were performed by the governor of province and
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Clark Matthew (1776-1846), metallurgical engineer
CLARK Matvey Egorovich (Matthew) (1776-1846), metallurgical engineer, Chief Hunt Master. A native of Scotland, he served as inspector at St. Petersburg Iron Foundry (today, Kirovsky Plant) in 1824 and director of Alexandrovsky Foundry (today
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Clubs (entry)
CLUBS (in the 18th - beginning of the 20th century, also called Meetings), until the beginning of the 20th century they were voluntary corporate or class public institutions for leisure and socializing
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College Buildings
COLLEGE BUILDINGS, group of college buildings including classes, workshops, library, assembly hall, recreation rooms, dormitories, etc. Among the first college buildings were the buildings of the Cadet Corps, Academy of Arts, Foster House
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Comedians Halt, Cabaret
COMEDIANS HALT (Astrologer) (Prival Comediantov (Zvezdochet)), literary and artistic cabaret theatre. It was opened in 1916 in the vault of the House of Adamini (7 the Field of Mars)
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Communal Apartments
COMMUNAL APARTMENTS. The word combination "communal apartments" is a product of the Soviet epoch. However, first communal apartments appeared in the early 18th century, when rental lodging was partitioned by the landlords into "corners"
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Dance Classes (entry)
DANCE CLASSES, in the 18th century - classes and schools for dance training. Soon after Peter's introduction of the ballroom dances (in the early 18th century) into court ceremony dances became one of the most important cultural skills
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Danilevsky N.Y. (1822 - 1885), philosopher
DANILEVSKY Nikolay Yakovlevich (1822-85), philosopher, sociologist, and naturalist promoted to Actual Civil Counsellor in 1868. He graduated from Tsarskoe Selo Lyceum in 1842 and was an irregular student at the faculty of physics and mathematics of
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District Councils
DISTRICT COUNCILS, agencies of municipal government, established in May-June of 1917 by order of Central Council, after the division of Petrograd into 18 districts was approved
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District Court
DISTRICT COURT, a judiciary body, established in the course of the Judiciary reform of 1864. Consisted of a chairman, his deputy and members of the court (appointed by the minister of Justice)
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Dudinskaya N.М.(1912-2003), ballet dancer, instructor
DUDINSKAYA Natalia Mikhailovna (1912-2003, St. Petersburg), ballet dancer, People's Artist of the USSR (1957), Honorary Citizen of St. Petersburg (1998). Graduated from the Leningrad Choreography School under of A. Y. Vaganova in 1931
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Duma of Six Members
DUMA OF SIX MEMBERS, an elected executive organ of city self-government. The Duma was formed according to the Imperial Decree to Cities of 1785. It was appointed concurrently with the General City Duma in January 21 1786
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Dzerzhinsky F.E. (1877-1926), revolutionary, statesman
DZERZHINSKY Felix Edmundovich (1877-1926), Soviet party figure and statesman. In 1887-96, he studied at the Vilno Gymnasium (did not graduate); from 1895, he took part in the Polish and Russian social democratic movement; was arrested and exiled
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English Club
ENGLISH CLUB, English assembly, one of the first club-type establishments in Russia. It was founded on March 12, 1770 at Her Majesty Catherine II's pleasure by English entrepreneurs F. Gardner and C. Gardiner
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Fedotov G.P. (1886-1951), religious thinker and historian
FEDOTOV Georgy Petrovich (1886-1951), religious thinker, historian, and essayist. He came to St. Petersburg in 1904 to enter the Technological Institute and join the Russian Social-Democratic Workers' Party
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Figner V.N. (1852-1942), revolutionary
FIGNER Vera Nikolaevna (1852-1942), prominent figure of the revolutionary movement of the 1870-80s, author of memoirs. The sister of singer N.N. Figner. Studied at the Kazan Institute for Noble Girls, studied medicine in Switzerland
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Fire Safety
FIRE SAFETY. In the city's early days, all citizens were responsible for St. Petersburg fire safety. Soldiers of the Petersburg Garrison regularly took part in fire-extinguishing exercises
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Fire Towers
FIRE TOWERS ('kalancha') are a trivial name for watchtowers, from which special watchmen watched for the inception of fires, beginnings of floods, etc. In St. Petersburg
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Fires (entry)
FIRES. Especially common in the first years of St. Petersburg's existence. The first large fire happened in 1710 on Troitskaya Square. A prohibition against constructing wooden houses within city limits was issued in 1727
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Fireworks
FIREWORKS (in the 18th century - poteshnye ogni, toy-lights). The tradition of lighting firecrackers on holidays in St. Petersburg was introduced by Peter I. Fireworks were usually combined with illumination - luminous scenery (allegories)
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Funfair Booths
FUNFAIR BOOTHS (Russian balagan, der. from Persian bala?ane - balcony, upper room), makeshift buildings for giving performances during popular carnivals. The first mentions of comedy sheds in St
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Gatchina, museum and reserve
GATCHINA, museum and reserve, founded in 1918 at the time Gatchina Palace and Palace Garden with the adjacent facilities were first open to visitors. Among others, V. Y. Kurbatov, N. E. Lansere, V. K. Makarov, and S. N
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Glinka V.M. (1903 - 1983), historian
GLINKA Vladislav Mikhailovich (1903-1983), historian, art historian, writer, honoured culture worker of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (1964)
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Gorbachev I. O. (1927-2003), actor, director
GORBACHEV Igor Olegovich (1927-2003), actor, director, People's Artist of the USSR (1972), Hero of Socialist Labour (1987). In 1945, he enrolled at the Philosophy Department of the Leningrad State University
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