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Persons / Nicholas II, Emperor statesman
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Nicholas II, the Emperor (1868-1918)

Nicholas II (1868, Tsarskoe Selo - 1918), Emperor from 1894 to 1917. Son of Emperor Alexander III and Empress Maria Fedorovna. Married Princess of Hesse-Darmstadt, who took the name of Alexandra Fedorovna

1868

18 May. The son Nicholas, the future Emperor, was born in the family of Grand Duke Alexander Alexandrovich in Tsarskoye
Source: Tsarskoe Selo

1894

23 October. In Tsarskoye Selo Nikolai Otsup, the future poet and literary critic, whose muse was closely connected with Tsarskoye Selo, was born in the family of the photographer A. Otsup. 22 November
Source: Tsarskoe Selo

1895

15 January. The new city slaughterhouse with the recycling plant, designed by the architect A.R. Bach, began to work. 23 March. Erik Fiodorovich Gollerbach, the future art historian and literary critic
Source: Tsarskoe Selo

1896

8 January. A.P. Chekhov, as guest, arrived to D.N. Mamin-Sibiryak in Tsarskoye Selo. The almshouse, in the memory of the merchants Sinebryukhovs, for girls and aged women began to work in Moskovskaya Street. 14 May
Source: Tsarskoe Selo

1904

1 January. In the Alexander Palace Nicholas II wrote in his diary: " Bless, God, the year that came. Give to Russia the victory in the current war, lasting peace and quiet existence!" I.F. Annensky, under the pseudonym of "Nik
Source: Tsarskoe Selo

1905

19 January. In the Alexander Palace Nicholas II received the workers deputation after the incident "Bloody Sunday" on 9 January in Petersburg. 50 000 roubles were assigned for the families of suffered men, this was told during the meeting.
Source: Tsarskoe Selo

1906

1 January. I.F Annensky resigned of his own free will from the post of the Director of the Nicholas Gimnasium, it was evoked by his unwillingness "to take disciplinary action against the seditious young people"; he contented himself only with
Source: Tsarskoe Selo

1907

10 March. The meeting of Nicholas II with Prime Minister P.A. Stolypin after his speech in the Second State Duma meeting on 3 March, where Prime Minister's famous words sounded: "They want great shocks, we want great Russia"
Source: Tsarskoe Selo

1911

1 January. Colonel, Prince M.S. Putyatin was appointed as the Head of the Palace Board. The last Manager of Tsarskoye Selo, who was appointed by the Tsar, died as an emigrant in the USA. 17-19 May
Source: Tsarskoe Selo

1913

Society for the protection of maternity and babies began to work under the management of Professor N.V. Yastrebov in the building of the Maternity Orphanage of Drozhzhina (the present address is 14 Pavlovsky Road)
Source: Tsarskoe Selo

1914

17 January. In the Alexander Palace, Crown Prince of Serbia Alexander was received. 3 February. In the Alexander Palace, Nicholas II received Maurice Paleologue, the new French ambassador, and all members of the French Embassy. 24 June
Source: Tsarskoe Selo

1915

2 January. The train collision took place at the railway line linked Peterburg and Tsarskoye Selo. Anna Vyrubova, a maid of honour and close friend of the Empress, was seriosly injured at this disaster. A
Source: Tsarskoe Selo

1916

13 February. At the house of the literary critic and A.Akhmatova's true friend N.V. Nedobrovo Anna Andreyevna Akhmatova presented her "treasured black ring" to the artist Boris Anrep who was the addresse of many poems written by A. Akhmatova
Source: Tsarskoe Selo

1917

30 January - 8 March. Andrei Bely, a poet and prosaist, stayed at R.V. Ivanov-Razumnik, a literary critic and publicist, in Tsarskoye Selo. 4 February. Niktopolion Svyatsky, a poet and warrior, died in Tsarskoye Selo
Source: Tsarskoe Selo

Alexander Palace (Pushkin)

ALEXANDER PALACE (Pushkin), an architectural monument in Neoclassical style; constructed in 1792-96 (architect G. Quarenghi); located on the territory of the Alexander Park

Alexandra Fedorovna, Empress (1872-1918)

ALEXANDRA FEDOROVNA (1872-1918), Empress (from 1894). Nee Victoria Alix Helena Brigitte Louise Beatrice, Princess of Hessen-Darmstadt. Wife of Emperor Nicholas II (from 1894)

Alexandria, palace and park ensemble (Peterhof)

ALEXANDRIA, palace and park ensemble of Peterhof located to the east of the Lower Park and occupying a territory of 115 hectares. Since 1711, the estate of A.D

Alexandrovsky Park (Pushkin)

ALEXANDROVSKY PARK (Pushkin), a landscape architecture monument, situated west of Ekaterininsky Park. The park is a part of Tsarskoe Selo palace and park ensemble. Alexandrovsky Park covers an area of 120 hectares

Anniversaries of Petersburg (centenary, bicentenary, two hundred fiftieth anniversary, tercentenary)

ANNIVERSARIES OF ST. PETERSBURG. St. Petersburg's first anniversary celebration (the city's centenary) took place in 1803. Celebrations started on the morning of 16 May 1803

Assembly of Russian Factory and Plant Workers of St. Petersburg

ASSEMBLY OF RUSSIAN FACTORY AND PLANT WORKERS OF ST. PETERSBURG, one of the first legal mass organizations of workers in Russia. Established on the basis of the Community of Mutual Help of Workers in Mechanized Industry (1902-03) it was one of the

Barracks of the Own His Emperor Majesty Escort

During its random staying in Tsarskoye Selo over the 19th century the Emperor Escort occupied hussar and cuirassier barracks. The first permanent wooden barracks of the Own His Emperor Majesty Escort were built in 1895 in the Alexander Park in
Source: Tsarskoe Selo

Barracks of the Second Life Guard Rifle Regiment with the Church of the Saint Sergy of Radonezh

In 1871 the buildings of the Sophia Provision Shops, built in 1821-1822 to the design of the architect V.P. Stasov, were rebuilt for permanent apartments of the Tsarskoye Selo riflemen
Source: Tsarskoe Selo

Bernstam Leopold-Bernhard (1859-1939), sculptor

BERNSTAM Leopold-Bernhard (Leopold Adolfovich) (1859-1939), sculptor. He lived in St. Petersburg in 1872-85. He studied under David Jensen at the Drawing School of Artists Encouragement Fund and in the Academy of Arts (an external student in

Children’s House, a pavilion (an ensemble of the Alexander Park)

A pavilion with the Late Classicism style facades was constructed in 1827-1830 to the design of V.M. Gornostayev . At first it was intended for summer pastime of children of Emperor Nicholas I: the Heir and Tsesarevich Alexander Nikolayevich
Source: Tsarskoe Selo

Church of the Exaltation of the Holy Cross

CHURCH OF THE EXALTATION OF THE HOLY CROSS, located at 128 Ligovsky Avenue. An architectural monument. Constructed in 1747-49, in the Baroque style (architect I. Y. Schumacher). It replaced the wooden Church of St

College Buildings

COLLEGE BUILDINGS, group of college buildings including classes, workshops, library, assembly hall, recreation rooms, dormitories, etc. Among the first college buildings were the buildings of the Cadet Corps, Academy of Arts, Foster House

Combined Infantry of His Imperial Majesty’s Own Regiment

COMBINED INFANTRY OF HIS IMPERIAL MAJESTY’S OWN REGIMENT, originates to the combined company, which guarded emperor Alexander II during the Russo-Turkish War of 1877-78. In March 1881 in St

Court Cathedral of Our Lady Feodorovskaya

COURT CATHEDRAL OF OUR LADY FEODOROVSKAYA in Tsarskoe Selo, located at 32 Akademichesky Avenue, Pushkin, an architectural monument, attached to the unfinished complex of Feodorovsky settlement

Dubrovin A. I. (1855-1921), public figure

DUBROVIN Alexander Ivanovich (1855-1921) was a doctor, political and public figure, State Counsellor. On graduating from the Medical Surgical Academy (1879) he served as a military doctor. From 1889, he worked in children's orphanages of St

February Revolution of 1917

FEBRUARY REVOLUTION OF 1917 is the Second Russian Revolution, which dethroned the Monarchy. Decisive events developed in Petrograd. On 23 February (8 March) 1917

Gapon G. A. (1870-1906), priest, security agent

GAPON Georgy Apollonovich (1870-1906, station Ozerki on the outskirts of St. Petersburg), priest, political figure. Gapon graduated from St. Petersburg Spiritual Academy (1903). He lived in St

Guchkov A.I. (1862-1936), political and public figure

GUCHKOV Alexander Ivanovich (1862-1936), political and public figure, banker and businessman. Graduated from the History and Philology Department of Moscow University (1885), worked in local Moscow Government

Hussar Life Guards Regiment

HUSSAR LIFE GUARDS REGIMENT (from 1855 His Majesty’s Regiment), its history dates back to the Life Hussar Squadron, formed in 1775, which in 1796 was incorporated into the Cossack Life Hussar Regiment

Imperial Burial Vault

IMPERIAL BURIAL VAULT. A final burial place for members of the Imperial Family had not yet been ultimately determined during Peter the Great's reign. The Tsars' kin were most often buried at the Holy Annunciation Church Burial Vault

Imperial Funerals

IMPERIAL FUNERALS, one of the most important ceremonies. Performed according to Emperor Peter the Great's funeral (1725), consisting of three parts: display of the body of the departed, transportation of the body to the SS

Imperial Hunts

IMPERIAL HUNTS were an important part of Imperial Court life. The Imperial Hunts combined traditions from Russian Tsar Hunts of the 16th-17th centuries, and hunting customs of European courts

Krasnoarmeiskie Streets, First - Thirteenth

KRASNOARMEISKAYA STREETS, FIRST - THIRTEENTH (until 1923, the First - Twelfth Roty, and Zarotnaya Street). First - Seventh Krasnoarmeiskaya Streets are located between Moskovsky Avenue and Izmailovsky Avenue; Eighth Krasnoarmeiskaya Street

Kuindzhi Society

KUINDZHI SOCIETY (Kuindzhi Society of Artists), art association. Founded in 1909 on the initiative of and with financial support from A. I. Kuindzhi, its honorary chairman, in order to provide financial support to artists

Likhachev N.P., (1862-1936), historian

LIKHACHEV Nikolay Petrovich (1862-1936, Leningrad), historian, archivist, art historian, bibliography expert, collector, specialist in historical studies, Associate of the St

Maria Fedorovna (1847-1928), the Empress

MARIA FEDOROVNA (1847-1928), Empress (since 1881). Nee Marie Sophie Frederikke Dagmar, Princess of Denmark. Wife of Emperor Alexander III (from 1866); originally engaged to his elder brother, Tsesarevitch Nicholas Alexandrovich (1843-1865)

Mikhail Alexandrovich (1878-1918), Grand Prince

MIKHAIL ALEXANDROVICH (1878, St. Petersburg - 1918), Grand Prince, Lieutenant General (1916), Adjutant General (1914), Member of the State Assembly (from 1901)

Mir Iskusstva (World of Art), journal

MIR ISKUSSTVA (The World of Art), a literary journal of art, founded in 1898 by S. P. Dyagilev with the contribution of the members of an artistic circle of the same name, (see Mir Iskusstva)

Moika, river

MOIKA (the original name Mya; known as Muya until the early 18th century, derived from the Izhora word for "slush, mire"), a river in the Neva river delta. The Moika River is 4.67 kilometres long, with a width of up to 40 metres

Music Hall

MUSIC HALL (in Russian Muzik-kholl, based on a transliteration of the English). The first attempts to establish a Music Hall in St. Petersburg date back to 1913

October General Political Strike of 1905

GENERAL POLITICAL STRIKE OF OCTOBER 1905 was part of the All-Russian October political strike held under the slogans of overthrowing autocracy and demanding democratic liberties

Palace Square

PALACE SQUARE, St. Petersburg's main square, the traditional location for city-wide festivities, and is part of the central square system of the Neva River's left bank

Pallady (Raev) (1827-1898), Metropolitan of St. Petersburg and Ladoga in 1892-1898

PALLADY (born Pavel Ivanovich Raev-Pisarev) (1827-1898, St. Petersburg), religious figure, Honorary Member of St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences (1894). After graduating from Kazan Theological Academy (1852)

People's Houses (entry)

PEOPLE'S HOUSES, cultural and educational institutions of a club nature, meant mainly for workers and craftspeople. They were created in St. Petersburg from the early 1880s, as a rule, in the suburbs, subsidized by the Municipal Duma

Peter the Great, Monuments to (entry)

PETER THE GREAT, MONUMENTS TO. Monument projects to Peter the Great in the capital founded by him appeared during his lifetime (particularly by N. Pinot, B. Tarsia). In 1716-20, B

Petersburg Industrial War 1896

PETERSBURG INDUSTRIAL WAR 1896, the name given by Lenin to the Petersburg textile-workers' strike prepared by the Petersburg League of the Struggle for the Emancipation of the Working Class

Petrunkevich I. I. (1844-1928), public figure

PETRUNKEVICH Ivan Ilyich (1844-1928) was a public figure and statesman. He was a father-in-law of Countess S.V. Panina. On graduating from the Faculty of Law of St

Planetarium

PLANETARIUM, located at 4 Alexandrovsky Park, was opened in 1959. It is supplied with state-of-the-art equipment for solar and stellar observations. The St. Petersburg Observatory contains the largest refracting telescope in the city

Pobedonostsev K.P. (1827-1907), statesman

POBEDONOSTSEV Konstantin Petrovich (1827-1907, St. Petersburg), statesman, lawyer, writer and translator, Full Privy Councilor (1883), Personal Secretary (1894). Graduated from the Jurisprudence College in St. Petersburg in 1846

Public Halls (entry)

PUBLIC HALLS, a special premise for informal mass events. The first public hall was arranged in banker A.A. Ral's house (On the Moika River Embankment, beside Red Bridge; not preserved)

Pushkin, town

PUSHKIN, a town and municipal unit situated south of Saint Petersburg. Known until 1918 as Tsarskoe Selo, and in 1918-37 as Detskoe Selo. As of 2002, population totalled approximately 95,000 inhabitants

Rasputin G. E. (1869-1916)

RASPUTIN Grigory Efimovich (1869-1916, Petrograd), religious preacher from a Siberian peasant family, spiritual tutor and close friend of the family of Emperor Nicholas II. In his religious views he was close to the so-called Khlysts

Repin I.E., (1844-1930), Artist

REPIN Ilya Efimovich (1844-1930) was an artist, graphic artist and teacher. He lived in St. Petersburg from 1863. He studied at the School of Drawing at the Artists Encouragement Fund in 1863 under I. N

Revolution of 1905-07

REVOLUTION OF 1905-07. The first people's bourgeois-democratic revolution in Russia. Caused by socioeconomic contradictions and the country's political development following the reforms of 1860s-70s

Rodzyanko M.V. (1859-1924), political and public figure

RODZYANKO Mikhail Vladimirovich (1859-1924), public and political figure, author of memoirs. After graduating from the Page Corps in 1877, he served with the Mounted Regiment (transferred to the reserve in 1882, retired in 1885)

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