Hospitals (common)

Categories / Medicine. Public Health/Hospitals and Clinics
HOSPITALS. The first hospital in St. Petersburg, the Kalinkinsky Hospital was founded as a police-correctional institution for "indecent women and girls" (1762), later it received venereal patients of both sexes (now its main building houses the Scientific Research Institute of Antibiotics and Enzymes of Medical Significance). In 1779 Obukhovskaya Hospital was opened, in 1805 - Mariinskaya Hospital, in 1829 - the hospital dedicated to St. Magdalene, and in 1835 – Petropavlovskaya Hospital. From the very beginning the hospitals were divided into common and specialised (Eye Disease Hospital, 1806, located since 1840 at 38 Mokhovaya Street; the Hospital of the Icon of Our Lady of Sorrows for mental patients, 1832, now does not exist) and children’s hospitals (Nikolaevskaya Children’s Hospital, 1834). A number of hospitals appeared on basis of communities of sisters of mercy: 1844 - Hospital of Holy Trinity (now the building houses the Institute of Haematology and Transfusiology); 1854 - the Hospital of Exaltation of the Holy Cross (now the Baltic Clinical Central Basin Hospital); 1858 - Pokrovskaya Hospital; 1870 - the Hospital of St. George the Martyr (in Soviet times the hospital of Karl Marx, from 1995 located in a new building in Ozerky, bearing its historical name); in 1882 - the Hospital of St. Eugenia (in Soviet times named after Y.M. Sverdlov and reserved for top party and Soviet officials, now catering to the survivors of the Blockade of Leningrad). A number of hospitals from 1884 were subordinated to the city public self-government, a number of hospitals were subordinated to the Department of Institutions of the Empress Maria; the majority of communities were under the authority of the Russian Society of the Red Cross. Prison and spiritual institutions had their own hospitals. Some hospitals were independent: the Evangelical Women's Hospital (now the building houses the Scientific Research Institute of Tuberculosis), Alexandrovskaya Men's Hospital (Now the Municipal Psychiatrical Hospital No. 7), etc. In 1913 there were 92 hospitals in St. Petersburg with 20,000 beds; the largest was the Hospital of Peter the Great (opened in 1914). After October 1917 a number of hospitals were reconstructed, new wings were erected (in the Hospital of Infectious Diseases, Mariinskaya Hospital, Pokrovskaya Hospital etc.), new general and specialised hospitals were built – Nos. 2, 20, 26, 40, Alexandrovskaya Children’s Hospital No. 5, Filatov Children’s Hospital of Infectious Diseases, etc. In 1990, municipal hospital No. 45 was given to the Russian Orthodox Church and was transformed into the charitable clinic dedicated to St. Xenia of St. Petersburg. By the end of 2001 there were 106 hospitals with some 43,970 beds.

References: Грекова Т. И., Голиков Ю. П. Медицинский Петербург. СПб., 2001. С. 303-365.

T. I. Grekova. Filatov Nil Fedorovich
Maria Fedorovna, Empress
Marx Karl
Nicholas I, Emperor
Peter I, Emperor
Sverdlov Yakov Mikhailovich
Xenia Blazhennaya (real name Petrova Xenia Grigorievna)
Mokhovaya St./Saint Petersburg, city, house 38
Голиков Ю. П., Грекова Т. И. Медицинский Петербург. СПб., 2001. Obukhovskaya Hospital
Mariinskaya Municipal Hospital
Institute of Haematology and Transfusion Science
Peter The Great Clinical Hospital
Botkin Memorial Hospital For Infectious Diseases
1829
1835
1841
1889