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The subject index
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Breaking of the Siege (1943)
Breaking of the Siege (1943)
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Army. Navy/Blokade
BREAKING OF THE SIEGE 1943, 12 - 30 January, an offensive operation, code named "Iskra" (Sparkle), along the Leningrad and Volkhov fronts by Baltic Fleet forces in the region of the Schlisselburg-Sinyavino heights, breaching the line to Leningrad and restoring land connection between the city and the rest of the country. The operation was conceived by the Soviet High Command as an assault towards Sinyavino — Rabochy Poselok No. 5 (along the Ladoga Lake's south shore), in the region north of the Baltic-Ladoga escarpment; at that moment, the enemy occupied the heights of the escarpment, dominating the entire zone of advance. The marshy, wooded attack region was intersected by numerous water barriers, and the whole area between Schlisselburg and Lipka had been fortified; it was defended by a large force from the 18th Field Army of the Northern Army Group (up to five full-strength divisions). The 2nd Strike Army and the 14th Aviation Army of the Volkhov Front, together with the 67th Army and 13th Aviation Army of the Leningrad Front, all participated in the operation, aided by ship artillery, coastal artillery and aircraft bombardments from the Baltic Fleet and long-range air force. Frontline action was coordinated by the representatives of each headquarters, K.E. Voroshilov and G.K. Zhukov. The attack was launched on 12 January 1943, and on 18 January, troops from the two fronts joined forces in the region of Rabochy Poselok No. 1 and Rabochy Poselok No. 5, clearing the entire area of enemy troops. On the same day, the town of Schlisselburg was liberated. From 19 January to 16 February, the troops attempted to execute joint operations to advance to southward and capture the Sinyavino Heights, but failed and fell back onto the defensive. The so-called Road of Victory was constructed within the liberated corridor, which was 8 - 11 km wide, and by which Leningrad was supplied with all necessities until the Siege was lifted. The Memorial Breach was constructed in memory of this operation, which is a part of the Green Belt of Glory, encompassed a memorial T-34 tank at the Ladozhsky Bridge across the Neva River (in the region of Maryino Village), The Breaking of the Siege of Leningrad Diorama Museum on the left bank of the Neva River (1983), and an obelisk at the site where the Leningrad Front and Volkhov Front troops were finally conjoined (1973, Sinyavino Village, on the 66th km along the Petrozavodskoe Highway). References: Операция "Искра": Воспоминания, очерки, стихи, отрывки из дневников, документы, посвящ. прорыву блокады Ленинграда. Л., 1973; Прорыв блокады Ленинграда, янв. 1943 г.: Боевые действия второй Ударной армии. СПб., 1994. G. V. Kalashnikov.
Persons
Voroshilov Kliment Efremovich
Zhukov Georgy Konstantinovich
Bibliographies
Операция "Искра": Воспоминания, очерки, стихи, отрывки из дневников, документы, посвящ. прорыву блокады Ленинграда. Л., 1973
Прорыв блокады Ленинграда, янв. 1943 г.: Боевые действия второй Ударной армии. СПб., 1994
The subject Index
Leningrad Front
Volkhov Front
Baltic Fleet
Road of Victory
Lifting of the Siege, 1944
The Green Belt of Glory
Chronograph
1943
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2nd Strike Army
2ND STRIKE ARMY, an armed forces unit of the USSR. Formed in December 1941 along the Volkhov Front for offensive action, to break through the Siege of Leningrad. In January – July 1942, during the Lyuban Offensive, it was encircled and defeated
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8th Army
8th ARMY. An armed forces unit of the USSR. Formed in October 1939 as a part of the Leningrad Air Defence Force. On 22 June 1941, it was located on the frontier along the Neman River, and included the 10th and 11th Infantry corps
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Govorov L.A. (1897-1955), military commander, Marshal
GOVOROV Leonid Alexandrovich (1897-1955), military commander, Marshal of the Soviet Union (1944), Hero of the Soviet Union (1945). In 1916 enrolled in Petrograd Polytechnic Institute
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Ladoga Pipeline
LADOGA PIPELINE, a trunk pipeline laid in 43 days (5 May - 16 June 1942), through Lake Ladoga from Karedzhi Cape to the Borisova Griva Railway Station, in order to supply Leningrad with oil during the Siege of 1941-44. Designed by engineer N. V
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Leningrad Front
LENINGRAD FRONT. Joint USSR armed forces during the Great Patriotic War of 1941-45 fighting against German and Finnish troops in Leningrad Region and in Estonia
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Meretskov K.A. (1897-1968), military commander, marshal
MERETSKOV Kirill Afanasievich (1897-1968), Soviet military commander, Marshal of the Soviet Union (1944), Hero of the Soviet Union (1940). Participated in the Civil War
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Neva Bridgehead
NEVA BRIDGEHEAD ("Nevsky Pyatachok"). A bridgehead on the left side of the Neva River near the Moskovskaya Dubrovka settlement and the village of Arbuzovo, occupied by Soviet troops on the night of 20 September 1941
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Popular Carnivals
POPULAR CARNIVALS, one of the forms of mass popular entertainment. In the 18th- 19th centuries up to 30 carnivals were arranged in St. Petersburg annually. Representatives of all the estates and even members of the royal family took part in them
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Road of Victory
ROAD OF VICTORY, a temporary 33-km long railroad from Polyany to Schlisselburg. The railroad was built from 20 January to 6 February 1943, after breaking the Siege along the southern side of Lake Ladoga
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Rybalchenko S.D. (1903-1986), military commander, general
RYBALCHENKO Stepan Dmitrievich (1903-1986), Soviet military commander, Colonel General of the Air Force (1944). From 1918 served in the Red Army, participated in the Civil War
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Shlisselburg Fortress.
SHLISSELBURG FORTRESS (until 1612, named Oreshek, until 1702, Noteborg), an old Russian fortress on Orekhovy Island, at the Neva's headwaters on Lake Ladoga. It was founded by Novgorod residents in 1323
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Siege of 1941-44
SIEGE of 1941-44, siege of Leningrad by German troops, from 8 September 1941 until 27 January 1944, during the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1944; the most tragic chapter in the city's history
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Simonyak N.P. (1901-1956), military commander, General
SIMONYAK Nikolay Pavlovich (1901-1956, St. Petersburg), miltary commander, Lieutenant General (1944), Hero of the Sovit Union (1943). From 1918 in the service in the Red Army. Participated in the Civil War of 1917-22
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Sinyavino Operations of 1941-42
SINYAVINO OPERATIONS of 1941-42. Several offensive operations during the Great Patriotic War of 1941-45; failed attacks by Leningrad Front and Volkhov Front forces to lift the Siege of Leningrad
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Tributs V.F.(1900-1977), Admiral
TRIBUTS Vladimir Fillippovich (1900, St. Petersburg 1977), military commander, Admiral (1943), Doctor of History (1972). Graduated from Petrograd Military School for Medical Assistants (1917), was a medic assistant in the combined regiment of P.E
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Volkhov Front
VOLKHOV FRONT, joint USSR armed forces from the Great Patriotic War of 1941-45, which operated in the Leningrad and Novgorod regions. The front was formed on 17 December 1941 from left wing Leningrad front forces, and consisted of the 4th, 52nd
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Voroshilov K.E. (1881-1969), statesman, marshal
VOROSHILOV Kliment Efremovich (1881-1969), Soviet statesman and military officer, Marshal of the Soviet Union (1935), Hero of the Soviet Union (1956, 1968), Hero of Socialist Labour (1960)
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Zhukov G.K. (1896-1974), military commander, Marshal
ZHUKOV Georgy Konstantinovich (1896-1974), Soviet military commander, Marshal of the Soviet Union (1943), Hero of the Soviet Union (1939, 1944, 1945, 1956). Graduated from the courses of the Supreme Chief of Staff of the Revolutionary Committee of
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