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Lithuanian Castle.
Lithuanian Castle.
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City Administration/Police, Prisons
LITHUANIAN CASTLE (Seven-towered castle), a prison, used to be situated in Kolomna, near the intersection of the Moyka river and Krukov canal. The 2-storeyed building of the palace was built in 1783-87 (architect I.E. Starov), the design project represented an irregular pentagon with 7 round towers. Since 1797, Cavalry Guards regiment was quartered in the palace, followed by Lithuanian musketeer regiment (hence the name), and Guards regiment, in the 1810s. In 1823-24 Lithuanian Castle was rebuilt by architect I.I. Charlemagne and transformed into a city prison for criminals; reconstructed in 1883-84 (architect K.I. Reymers). Lithuanian Castle contains 103 cells, divided into 10 isolated sections by types of crimes committed by prisoners (822 persons were kept here as of January 1, 1900). The complex also comprised All Merciful Saviour Orthodox Church, Roman Catholic and Lutheran chapels. Since the second half of the 19th century, political prisoners were also kept here (among them were A.K. Kuznetsov, I.G. Pryzhov, P.N. Tkachev, P.G. Uspensky, convicted in 1871 upon the trial of the members of Nechaev's society), as were the members of working people's movement of the early 20th century. At the time of February Revolution of 1917, the prisoners were released by insurgent workers and soldiers, and Lithuanian Castle was burned down (the ruins were demolished in 1929-30, and the area was built up with residential houses). References: Настоящее положение мест заключения в С.-Петербурге. СПб., 1869; Никитин В. Н. Жизнь заключенных: Обзор петерб. тюрем и относящихся до них узаконений и адм. распоряжений. СПб., 1871. A. D. Margolis.
Persons
Charlemagne Iosif Iosifovich
Kuznetsov Alexey Kirillovich
Pryzhov Ivan Gavrilovich
Reimers Karl Ivanovich
Starov Ivan Egorovich
Tkachev Peter Nikitich
Uspensky Peter Gavrilovich
Bibliographies
Настоящее положение мест заключения в С.-Петербурге. СПб., 1869
Никитин В. Н. Жизнь заключенных: Обзор петерб. тюрем и относящихся до них узаконений и адм. распоряжений. СПб., 1871
The subject Index
Cavalier Guards Regiment
February Revolution of 1917
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Charlemagne I. I. (1782-1861), architect
CHARLEMAGNE Iosif Iosifovich (1782 - 1861, St. Petersburg), architect, graphic artist, privy counsellor (1861). Born to a family of French origin, the brother of L.I. Charlemagne. He graduated from the Academy of Fine Arts (1803)
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Dekabristov Street
DEKABRISTOV STREET, called Ofitserskaya Street until 1918, running from Voznesensky Avenue to Pryazhka River Embankment. The street was laid in the 1740s across the Admiralty Board attendants" living-quarters
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February Revolution of 1917
FEBRUARY REVOLUTION OF 1917 is the Second Russian Revolution, which dethroned the Monarchy. Decisive events developed in Petrograd. On 23 February (8 March) 1917
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Guards Company
GUARDS COMPANY, guards infantry sub-division, raised in 1810 from the ranks of the Court Rover and Yacht Crew. Participated in the wars with France 1812-14, Russo-Turkish wars of 1828-29 and 1877-78, in suppressing the Polish uprising of 1830-31
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Matveevsky Bridge
MATVEEVSKY BRIDGE (until 1919 Tyuremny (Prison) Bridge, deriving its name from the neighbouring gaol Lithuanian Castle), over Krykov Canal, along the Moika River Embankment. It was renamed in memory of a revolutionary hero S.M. Matveev (1888-1918)
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Prisons (entry)
PRISONS. The first prison in St. Petersburg (Convict gaol, or Convict yard, until 1732 under the jurisdiction of the Admiralty) was built in 1706 in the area of present-day Truda square
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