Ioffe Physics-Technical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences

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IOFFE PHYSICS-TECHNICAL INSTITUTE of the Russian Academy of Sciences, located at 26 Politekhnicheskaya Street, was established in 1918 by academician A. F. Ioffe (a director until 1951, the institute has been named after him since 1960). It was initially the Physics-Technical Department of the State Institute of X-ray Technology and Radiology. From 1922, it was called the State Physics-Technical Institute of Roentgen. Since 1931, it has been called the Physics-Technical Institute. The institute is one of the centres for Russian physics. The institute was involved in the professional work of Nobel Prize laureates N. N. Semenov, L. D. Landau, P. L. Kapitsa, Zh. I. Alferov (a director from 1987). Participants of the USSR atomic project I. V. Kurchatov, A. P. Alexandrov, Y. B. Khariton and B. P. Konstantinov (a director in 1957-67) worked at the institute. E. F. Gross, V. M. Tuchkevich (a director in 1967-87), G. A. Gamov, Y. B. Zeldovich started their professional work at the institute. Approximately 20 scientific research institutes were established on basis of laboratories and branches of the Physics-Technical Institute. Research of the Physics-Technical Institute covers almost all the states of substance and physical objects from quantum to astronomical scale: physics of condensed state, physics and technology of semi-conductors, quantum electronics, atomic physics and nuclear physics, plasma physics, controlled nuclear fusion, astrophysics, mass-spectrometry and physical gas dynamics. The spherical tokomak Globe M was launched at the institute in 1999. The Physics-Technical Institute consists of the following sections: plasma physics, atomic physics and astrophysics; solid-state physics; physics of dielectrics and semi-conductors; solid-state electronics; nanoheterostructures; the Scientific-Educational Centre. The Physics-Technical Institute was first housed in the building of the Polytechnic Institute, it has been located at its present-day address since 1923. Since 1999, some of the departments of the institute work in the new building of the Scientific-Educational Centre at 8 Khlopina Street. One can see the busts of Ioffe (1964, sculptor G. D. Glickman) and Konstantinov (1975, sculptor M. K. Anikushin) in front of the main building of the Physics-Technical Institute. There are memorial plaques devoted to A. P. Alexandrov, N. N. Semenov, B. P. Konstantinov, I. V. Kurchatov, V. M. Tuchkevich, Y. I. Frenkel on the front.

References: Физико-технический институт им. А. Ф. Иоффе, 1918-1978. Л., 1978; Алферов Ж. И. Колыбель советской физики // Природа. 1988. № 1. С. 4-11.

V. V. Cheparukhin. Alexandrov Anatoly Petrovich
Alferov Zhores Ivanovich
Anikushin Mikhail Konstantinovich
Frenkel Yakov Ilyich
Gamov Georgy (George) Antonovich
Glickman Gavriil Davidovich
Gross Evgeny Fedorovich
Hariton Yuly Borisovich
Ioffe Abram Fedorovich
Kapitsa Peter Leonidovich
Konstantinov Boris Pavlovich
Kurchatov Igor Vasilievich
Landau Lev Davydovich
Semenov Nikolay Nikolaevich
Tuchkevich Vladimir Maximovich
Zeldovich Yakov Borisovich
Politekhnicheskaya St./Saint Petersburg, city, house 26
Физико-технический ин-т им. А. Ф. Иоффе, 1918-1978. Л., 1978
Алферов Ж. И. Колыбель советской физики // Природа, 1988 Polytechnical University
Central Scientific Research Institute of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine
1918