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The subject index / Poles

Poles


Categories / Population/Ethnic Groups

POLES, an ethnic community forming a part of the St. Petersburg population. The Polish language is related to the Slavic group of Indo-European languages. Their faith is Catholic. The Polish community in St. Petersburg was formed from the late 18th century, but was formed especially quickly after the suppression of the Polish Uprising 1830-31, when restraints were placed on Poles for entering into the services of the western provinces. In 1869 there were 14,400 Poles living in St. Petersburg, in 1910 - 65,000. Among them were civil servants, soldiers and students. Starting at the late 19th century, Polish peasants began to move to St. Petersburg for work. In 1830-58 a weekly paper was produced in the Polish language Tygodnik Peterburgsky, later there were also other periodical publications. The Poles attended services at the Catholic Church of St. Catherine (32-34 Nevsky Prospect), where from 1844 there existed the charitable society of St. Vicent de Paul, library, and from 1906, a men’s gymnasium. From 1856 Polish burials took place at Vyborgsky Roman Catholic Cemetery. After October 1917 the number of Poles reduced, there were approximately 8,000 in 1989. In the 1920s-30s in Leningrad the Polish house of Education by the name of Y. Markhlevsky (10 Nekrasov St) operated, the Pedagogical Technical School, the Polish department of the Pedagogical Institute by the name of A.I. Herzen and other national organisations, which were liquidated in 1937-38. In 1989 the cultural-educational society Poloniya was established, in 1992 - the Union of Poles, involved in the preservation of cultural traditions and Polish language.

References: Чикадзе Е. Формирование общины российских поляков: Пути конструирования этничности // Конструирование этничности. Этнич. общины Петербурга. СПб., 1998. С. 175-226; Юхнева Н. В. Поляки // Многонациональный Петербург: История. Религия. Народы. СПб., 2002. С. 97-104; Базылев Л. Поляки в Петербурге. СПб., 2003.

A. Y. Chistyakov.

Persons
Herzen Alexander Ivanovich
Markhlevsky Yulian Yuzefovich

Addresses
Nekrasova St./Saint Petersburg, city, house 10
Nevsky prospect/Saint Petersburg, city, house 34
Nevsky prospect/Saint Petersburg, city, house 32

Bibliographies
Чикадзе Е. Формирование общины российских поляков: Пути конструирования этничности // Конструирование этничности. Этнич. общины Петербурга. СПб., 1998
Юхнева Н. В. Поляки // Многонациональный Петербург: История. Религия. Народы. СПб., 2002

The subject Index
Civil Servants
Military Personnel
Students
Peasants
Pedagogical University



Civil Servants

CIVIL SERVANTS, a social-professional group forming a part of the St. Petersburg population, serving state institutions. In 1722 Emperor Peter the Great introduced a Table of Ranks

Nobles

NOBLES, a social group within the St. Petersburg population. Nobility was a strict class that was divided by inheritance, and those who had received their title by merit for service (without the right to pass on their title through inheritance)

Peasants

PEASANTS, a social group forming a part of the St. Petersburg population. Until 1917, the peasant class was one of the social classes that made its members dependent on their place of inhabitancy and work. In 1869, there were 207,000 peasants in St

Population (entry)

POPULATION of St. Petersburg is the second largest in the Russian Federation after Moscow. From the 18th to the start of the 20th centuries the population continually grew: in 1725 - 40,000 people, in 1750 - 74,000; in 1800 - 220,000; in 1818 - 386

Servants

SERVANTS, professional social group forming a part of the St. Petersburg population, consisted mainly of peasants who came to the capital in search for work (see Otkhodniki), the smaller part was comprised of petty bourgeoisie