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Lidval F.I., (1870-1945), architect

LIDVAL Fedor Ivanovich (Iogan Friedrich) (1870, St. Petersburg - 1945), architect. Descendant of Swedish emigrants. Lidval graduated from the Academy of Arts (1896), a Fellow of the Academy of Architecture from 1909

Lieutenant Schmidt Bridge

LIEUTENANT SCHMIDT BRIDGE (in 1850-55 Blagoveshchensky, in 1855-1918 Nikolaevsky, in memory of Emperor Nicholas I). It was the first permanent bridge built over the Bolshaya Neva River, linking Truda Square (formerly Blagoveshchenskaya

Lieutenant Schmidt Embankment

LIEUTENANT SCHMIDT EMBANKMENT (until 1887, the Bolshaya Neva Embankment; until 1918, the Nikolaevskaya Embankment), on the right bank of the Bolshaya Neva River, between Seventh Line and Twenty Third Line of Vasilievsky Island. Named after P.P

Ligovsky Canal

LIGOVSKY CANAL was constructed to supply drinking water to St. Petersburg under the project of Grigory Skornyakov-Pisarev in 1718-21. Originally, it was 23 km long, 2-4 meters bottom-wide and 1-2 meters deep

Lines of Vasilievsky Island (entry)

LINES Of VASILIEVSKY ISLAND, the historical name of a number of parallel streets that intersect Vasilievsky Island from the south to the north: First to Twenty-Ninth Lines, Birzhevaya Line, Kozhevennaya Line, Kosaya Line, Mendeleevskaya Line

Lishnevsky A.L., (1868-1942), architect

LISHNEVSKY Alexander Lvovich (1868-1942), architect, a noted Art Nouveau and Neoclassical artist. He graduated from the Academy of Arts in 1892, and worked in the Ukraine for some time. From 1901, he lived in St. Petersburg

Liteiny Avenue

LITEINY AVENUE [in 1918-44 - Volodarskogo Avenue, after revolutionary V. Volodarsky (1891-1918)], between Liteiny Bridge and Nevsky Prospect. In 1711, a foundry was founded at the beginning of future Liteiny Avenue; later, houses of craftsmen

Liteiny Bridge

LITEINY BRIDGE (in 1903-17 Emperor Alexander II Bridge, or Alexandrovsky (Alexander Bridge), over the Neva River, linking Liteiny Avenue with Akademika Lebedeva Street on Viborgskaya Side. It was built in 1875-79 (engineer А.Е

Lomonosov Porcelain Factory

LOMONOSOV PORCELAIN FACTORY (LPF) (151 Obukhovskoy Oborony Anevue) is the largest porcelain factory in the country, leading manufacturer of decorative porcelain. The factory was established in 1744 as the Portselinovaya Manufactory

Lomonosov, town

LOMONOSOV (until 1948 Oranienbaum), a town and municipal unit within Saint Petersburg, the centre of Lomonosovsky District of the Leningrad Region, located 32 kilometres southwest of the city centre on the southern coast of the Gulf of Finland

Lomonosova Bridge

LOMONOSOVA BRIDGE (until 1948 Chernyshev Bridge), over the Fontanka River, on Lomonosova Street (former Chernyshev Lane, hence its old name). It was built in 1785-87 following a standard design

Lomonosova Square

LOMONOSOVA SQUARE (until 1948 - Chernysheva Square), between Zodchego Rossi Street and Fontanka River Embankment. It was named after M.V. Lomonosov (the first name was given after Count I.G. Chernyshev). The road was built in 1828

Lviny Bridge

LVINY (LION'S) BRIDGE ("four lions bridge"), over Griboedov Canal, links the Lviny Lane with Malaya Podyacheskaya Street. It was built in 1825-26 (engineers V.K. Traitteur, V.А

Lvov А.F. (1798-1870), composer

LVOV Alexey Fedorovich (1798-1870), military engineer, violinist, composer, conductor, and musician, major general (1843), privy counsellor (1853), and senator (1855). He was a son of F. P

Lyceum

LYCEUM, Tsarskoe Selo Lyceum renamed Alexandrovsky Lyceum in 1843, a privileged higher education institution providing training for state officials. It was founded in 1810 and opened on 19 October 1811

Magistrate courts

MAGISTRATE COURTS, the lower echelon of the judiciary system introduced in the course of Judiciary reform of 1864 (see also District court). Magistrate courts were in charge of civil and minor criminal cases. The territory of St

Main Architecture Planning Office

MAIN ARCHITECTURE PLANNING OFFICE of Leningrad city council executive committee (2 Lomonosova Square), the chief organization of the city administration on architectural, construction, urban planning issues, and the development of St

Makarov S.O. (1848-1904), oceanographer, vice-admiral

MAKAROV Stepan Osipovich (1848-1904), fleet commander, naval scientist, Vice-Admiral (1896). Graduated from Naval School in Nikolaevsk- Na-Amure (1865). Served on the Baltic Fleet from 1869

Makarova Embankment

MAKAROVA EMBANKMENT (until 1887 - Malaya Neva River Embankment, until 1952 - Tuchkova Embankment), between Birzhevaya Square and Smolenka River Embankment, on Vasilievsky Island, on the left bank of the Malaya Neva. The embankment was named after S

Makhaev M.I., (1718-1770), Artist

MAKHAEV Mikhail Ivanovich (1718-1770, St. Petersburg) was a graphic artist and engraver. He studied at the Admiralty School in 1729-31 and at the instrumental workshop of the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences from 1731 to 1734

Malaya Neva

MALAYA NEVA, the second largest (after Bolshaya Neva) branch of the Neva river delta. The Malaya Neva separates from the Neva near the Spit of Vasilievsky Island and flows into the Neva Bay between Dekabristov Island and Petrovsky Island

Malevich K.S., (1878-1935), Artist

MALEVICH Kazimir Severinovich (1878-1935, Leningrad) artist, art theorist. He was trained at the studio of F. I. Rerberg (1905-10) in Moscow. He lived in Moscow until 1919. Had phases of enthusiasm for impressionism, primitivism, cubofuturism

Maly Avenue of Petrogradskaya Side

MALY AVENUE Of PETROGRADSKAYA SIDE [in the 1770s - Malaya Perspektiva, in 1941-91 - Shchorsa Avenue, after N.A. Shchors a participant of the Civil War (1895-1919)], from Zhdanovskaya Embankment to Shevchenko Square and Kamennoostrovsky Avenue

Maneges (general article)

MANEGES, or riding-schools, (exerzirehaus), buildings with a large interior space, intended for troop drill exercises and cavalry dressage in fall and winter. Maneges were built in St

Manezhnaya Square

MANEZHNAYA SQUARE, at the intersection of Italyanskaya Street and Karavannaya Street. It was named in 1866 after the building of Mikhailovsky Manege (1798-1800, architect V.F. Brenna; 1823-24, architect C.I. Rossi )

Manors and Dachas (entry)

MANORS AND DACHAS. Within the precincts of modern St. Petersburg a number of the 18th -19th centuries manors and dachas (summer residences) have been preserved, also there are some fragments of manors on Petergofskaya (Peterhof) road

Maps and Atlases (entry)

MAPS AND ATLASES. The first known Russian hand-written picture of the Neva River mouth and the territory adjoining the Gulf of Finland dates back to the late 17th century

Marble Palace

MARBLE PALACE (1/5 Millionnaya Street), an architectural monument of early Neoclassicism. It was constructed in 1768-1785 (architect A. Rinaldi) for Count G.G. Orlov, a favourite of Empress Catherine II

Mariinsky Palace

MARIINSKY PALACE (6 St. Isaac's Square), an architectural monument of late Neoclassicism. It was constructed in 1839-1844 (architect A.I. Stakensсhneider) on the left bank of the Moika River, close to the Siny Bridge

Mariinsky Theatre

MARIINSKY THEATRE, State Academic Opera and Ballet Theatre (1 Teatralnaya Square), which takes its origin from the Russian court company established in 1783 "not only for comedies and tragedies, but for operas also"