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Esenin S.A. (1895-1925), poet
ESENIN Sergey Alexandrovich (1895-1925, Leningrad), poet. Graduated from the Zemskoe (provincial) Fourth-Class School in the village of Konstantinovo (1909) and Second-Class Teachers' College in the village of Spas-Klepiki (1912)
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Euler L., (1707-1783), mathematician
EULER Leonard (1707-83), mathematician, mechanical engineer, and physicist. A native of Switzerland, he studied at Basel University. Invited to the Petersburg Academy of Sciences, where he worked as a scientific assistant from 1726
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Evacuation of 1941-43
EVACUATION OF 1941-43. The relocation of people, equipment and capital from Leningrad during the Siege, conducted according to regulations set by the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party (of Bolsheviks) and the Soviet of People's
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Exchanges
EXCHANGES, regular wholesale markets where goods or securities are sold are called commodity exchanges and stock exchanges, respectively. The first Russian exchange, which remained the only exchange till the late 18th century
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Extirpation Battalions
EXTIRPATION BATTALIONS, volunteer force units (from 50 to 300 people) organised by the People's Commissariat of Home Affairs (NKVD) of the USSR. The units were established during the Great Patriotic War of 1941-45 to provide internal security
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Faberge Company
FABERGE COMPANY is a jewelry company, founded in 1842 by Gustav Faberge, master of diamond business (1814-94). The Company was located at Bolshaya Morskaya Street; before 1854 at No.11; in 1854-1900 at No.16; and from 1900 – at No
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Famine of 1941-42
FAMINE of 1941-42, one of the most tragic events in the history of St. Petersburg. The famine occurred during the Siege of 1941-44. Leningrad did not have enough food reserves before the war, and had for some time been supplied from outside the city
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February Revolution of 1917
FEBRUARY REVOLUTION OF 1917 is the Second Russian Revolution, which dethroned the Monarchy. Decisive events developed in Petrograd. On 23 February (8 March) 1917
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Felten Y. M. (1730-1801), architect
FELTEN Yury Matveevich (Georg Friedrich) (1730 -1801, St. Petersburg), architect, professor of the Academy of Fine Arts (from 1775; from 1785 a Council member, in 1789-94 director), State Counsellor (1784)
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Field of Mars (Marsovo Pole), ensemble
FIELD OF MARS (in the 18th century Bolshoy Meadow, Poteshnoe Field, Tsaritsyn Meadow, in 1918 -40 – Zhertv Revolyutsii Square), the square in the centre of St. Petersburg. It was named so in honour of Mars, the Roman god of war
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Fighting Pencil, Society
FIGHTING PENCIL, association of artists and poets in Leningrad that published lithographic propaganda posters and books of satirical drawings. Started their activities during the Soviet-Finnish War of 1939-40
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Filonov P.N., (1883-1941), artist
FILONOV Pavel Nikolaevich (1883-1941, Leningrad), painter and graphic artist. From 1896 he was living in St. Petersburg, where he studied painting at the Drawing School of the Society for the Encouragement of Arts (1896-1901), L.E
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Finlyandsky Railway Station
FINLYANDSKY RAILWAY STATION (5 Lenina Square), was built in 1870 by architect P.S. Kupinsky. It was a single-story building with a 2-storied pavilion. The side facade with the pavilion for the members of the Imperial Family was accessed via the
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Fire Safety
FIRE SAFETY. In the city's early days, all citizens were responsible for St. Petersburg fire safety. Soldiers of the Petersburg Garrison regularly took part in fire-extinguishing exercises
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Fireworks
FIREWORKS (in the 18th century - poteshnye ogni, toy-lights). The tradition of lighting firecrackers on holidays in St. Petersburg was introduced by Peter I. Fireworks were usually combined with illumination - luminous scenery (allegories)
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Five Corners
FIVE CORNERS, a traditional informal name of the crossroads, formed by Zagorodny Avenue, Lomonosova Street (former Chernyshev Lane), Rubinstein Street (former Troitskaya Street) and Razyezzhaya Street. Appeared in the 1760s
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Floating Bridges
FLOATING BRIDGES, temporary bridges on floating objects (ferries, pontoons, barges etc.), were used from the early 18th century. The first floating bridge was the one that linked Berezovy and Zayachy islands
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Floods
FLOODS. Raises of water over 160 centimetres above the zero-level of Kronstadt Tide-gauge or over 150 centimetres above the zero water level of the Neva River (the water post is located near the Mining Institute)
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Fontanka, river
FONTANKA (known as Bezymyanny Erik until 1712-14), river, a branch in the Neva river delta, which crosses the central part of the city. The river flows from the Neva on the left, beside the Summer Garden
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Forestry Engineering Academy
FORESTRY ENGINEERING ACADEMY, Kirov St. Petersburg State Forestry Engineering Academy, situated at 5 Institutsky Avenue. It was founded in Tsarskoe Selo in 1803 as the Real Forestry School reorganised into the Forestry Institute in St
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Forts
FORTS. Fortifications in the area of the Gulf of Finland, built with the purpose of guarding approaches by the enemy to the Kronstadt Fortress. The first Kronschlot sea fort was opened in 1704
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Founding of St. Petersburg
FOUNDING OF ST. PETERSBURG. In May 1703, after the surrender of Nyenschantz, Tsar Peter the Great decided to build a fortress at the mouth of the Neva River on Zayachy Island
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Fountains (entry)
FOUNTAINS. The first fountains in St. Petersburg were laid out at the beginning of the 18th century in the Summer Garden. In 1717, the first engine was ordered (engineer Desaguliers) for their water supply and in 1717-1721 Ligovsky Canal was dug
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Frolov V. A. (1874-1942) artist
FROLOV Vladimir Alexandrovich (1874, St. Petersburg - 1942, Leningrad), mosaic artist. He studied the art under his father A. N. Frolov (1830-1909), a member of the Academy of Arts in mosaics. His brother A. A. Frolov (1861-1897), was an architect
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Funeral Rites (entry)
FUNERAL RITES. Burials during the building of St. Petersburg were noted for their utmost simplicity. As C. Weber (1718) witnessed, "a body wrapped in a coarse bast sack, tightened with ropes, and put on a bier
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Funfair Booths
FUNFAIR BOOTHS (Russian balagan, der. from Persian bala?ane - balcony, upper room), makeshift buildings for giving performances during popular carnivals. The first mentions of comedy sheds in St
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Galaktionov S.F., (1779-1854), artist
GALAKTIONOV Stepan Filippovich (1779, St. Petersburg - 1854), graphic artist. He studied under M. M. Ivanov and S. F. Shchedrin in the Academy of Arts in 1785-1800 and taught engraving in 1817-54. A professor of the Academy of Arts from 1831
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Gatchina, town
GATCHINA (in 1923-1927 Trotsk, in 1927-1944 Krasnogvardeisk), a town in Leningrad Region, 45 km to the south from St. Petersburg. Known since 1499 as Khotchino village, since the early 18th century - the Gatchinskaya farm-stead
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Gazanevsky Culture
GAZANEVSKY CULTURE, also known as Gazanevsky Exhibitions and Gazanevshchina, an unofficial artistic movement of the mid-1970s to the early 1980s. The name is derived from the first legal exhibitions of nonconformist artists held at the Gaza House of
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General Plans for the Development of Petersburg-Leningrad
GENERAL PLANS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF PETERSBURG-LENINGRAD. One the first projects of St. Petersburg planning dates back to 1709-12. According to it, the city centre should be situated at Kotlin Island and was to be connected to outer parts of the
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