The subject index
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Christ the Saviour Church
CHRIST THE SAVIOUR CHURCH, located at Novo-Admiralteisky Canal Embankment, at the corner of Angliiskaya Embankment. The common name of the Church of Our Saviour, constructed in memory of sailors
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Church of Our Lady of Vladimir
CHURCH OF OUR LADY OF VLADIMIR, located at 20 Vladimirsky Avenue. An architectural monument in a transition style merging Baroque with Classicism. The church was constructed on a trade square in 1761-69, presumably to the project of architect P. A
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Church of the Holy Sign
CHURCH OF THE HOLY SIGN in Tsarskoe Selo (2a Sadovaya Street, Pushkin), an architectural monument in the Baroque style of the reign of Anna Ioannovna. It was built according to the plans of architect M. G. Zemtsov with the assistance of I. Y
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Cinemas (entry)
CINEMAS. The first film shows in St. Petersburg were held in 1896. In the early, so-called "slapstick" period of cinematography history, films were shown in restaurants, skating rinks, cafes and became a part of theatre performances
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Cinizelli's Circus
CINIZELLI'S CIRCUS, the first stationary circus in St. Petersburg. It was founded by the Italian circus actor and entrepreneur G. Cinizelli (1815-1881). In 1869 the circus family of Cinizelli, touring Russia, joined K
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City Duma
CITY DUMA, administrative body of the city government. It was instituted in 1786 by Cities letter of grant (1785). City Duma was in charge of the city economy, taxes and levies, trade, medicine, education etc
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City Gardens (entry)
CITY GARDENS are landscape architectural monuments. In contrast to city parks, in the process of planting and arranging the gardens, the original fauna and character of the area are almost completely lost
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City Holidays (entry)
CITY HOLIDAYS. In the early 18th century tsar Peter the Great established a new type of holidays which were divided into official (or state holidays) - victory celebrations, jubilees etc. and popular carnivals (see Popular carnivals)
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City transport (general article)
CITY TRANSPORT, transport means for intra-city freight and passenger transportation, as well as transport, providing public services. City transport is divided into passenger, freight and special urban transport
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Civil Servants
CIVIL SERVANTS, a social-professional group forming a part of the St. Petersburg population, serving state institutions. In 1722 Emperor Peter the Great introduced a Table of Ranks
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Cleaning of Leningrad in the Spring of 1942
CLEANING OF LENINGRAD IN THE SPRING OF 1942. Measures taken in spring 1942 to clean the city of corpses and sewage that remained under the snow throughout the winter of 1941-42
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College Buildings
COLLEGE BUILDINGS, group of college buildings including classes, workshops, library, assembly hall, recreation rooms, dormitories, etc. Among the first college buildings were the buildings of the Cadet Corps, Academy of Arts, Foster House
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Collegiums (entry)
COLLEGIUMS, central State control facilities, organised on the principle of departments; established by Tsar Peter the Great in 1717-21. Each collegium was headed by a president appointed by the Tsar; each president had a vice-president as a
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Commerce (general)
COMMERCE. Favorably located, St. Petersburg has always played a major role in the country’s foreign trade (see Sea Port). The life of the city itself has been mainly supported by home trade, retail trade above all
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Confessions, Non-Orthodox (entry)
NON ORTHODOX CONFESSIONS, Christian non-Orthodox churches. From the beginning of the 18th century, St. Petersburg was the centre of foreign confessions in Russia. The most numerous community were the Roman Catholics
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Constructivism
CONSRTUCTIVISM, the main style in the architecture of the Soviet avant-garde of the 1920s and early 1930s. Based on the principle of functionality expressed in dynamically separated structures, it featured well-defined spaces and laconic surfaces
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Contemporary Architecture
CONTEMPORARY ARCHITECTURE. A rejection of standard and typical styles used for mass residential blocs from the Soviet period; an attempt to enrich the range of expression
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Cossack Life Guards Regiment
COSSACK LIFE GUARDS REGIMENT, regiment of guards cavalry, recruited from the Don Cossacks. Formed in 1795 out of the Don and Chuguev Court Cossack Companies (set up in 1775) and the Gatchina Cossack Regiment (set up in 1793) as the Hussar Cossack
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Cuirassier Life Guards His Majesty’s Regiment
CUIRASSIER LIFE GUARDS HIS MAJESTY’S REGIMENT, Cavalry Guards Regiment, raised in 1702 as the Dragoon Prince Grigory Volkonsky’s Regiment, from 1708 Yaroslavsky Dragoon Regiment
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Danko N.Y. (1892-1942), sculptor
DANKO (Danko-Alexeenko) Natalia Yakovlevna (1892-1942), sculptor-ceramist. Living in St. Petersburg from 1908, she studied in workshops of M.L. Dillon and L.V. Shervud. From 1909 she worked in the workshop of sculptor V.V. Kuznetsov
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Dargomyzhsky А.S., (1813-1869), composer
DARGOMYZHSKY Alexander Sergeevich (1813-1869, St. Petersburg), composer. Lived in St. Petersburg from 1817. Educated at home, similarly receiving a musical education. He learned to play the piano under composer and pianist F
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Dashkova E.R. (1744-1810), statesman
DASHKOVA (nee Vorontsova) Ekaterina Romanovna (1744 - 1810 , St. Petersburg),duchess and patroness of science and education. A member of the Vorontsov family. She was a participant of the Court Revolt of 1762 and supporter of Empress Catherine II
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Deaf-Mute School
DEAF-MUTE SCHOOL is one of the oldest deaf-mute pedagogical schools in Russia. It was founded as an experimental institution by Empress Maria Fedorovna (who sponsored it until 1810) in Pavlovsk in 1806
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Decorative Monumental Sculpture (entry)
DECORATIVE MONUMENTAL SCULPTURE. The art of monumental sculpture dates back to the time of Peter the Great; its first examples appeared throughout St. Petersburg, at the Summer Garden and various suburb residences
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Defence Constructions of 1941-43
DEFENCE CONSTRUCTION OF 1941-43. Mass defence construction across Leningrad and the Leningrad Region was conducted throughout the Great Patriotic War of 1941-45 by civilians (mainly women
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Dekabristov Square
DEKABRISTOV SQUARE (prior to 1925, also called Senatskaya, Petrovskaya), is situated between Admiralteyskaya Embankment and St. Isaac Square. It appeared at the beginning of the 18th century west of the outer bank of Admiralty Fortress;
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Demertsov F.I. (1762-1823), arhcitect.
DEMERTSOV Fedor Ivanovich (1762-1823, St. Petersburg), architect, representative of Neoclassicism, State Advisor (1818). Former serf, in 1784 was emancipated. He studied at the School of Fine Arts of Artillery and the Engineering Cadet School in St
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Demidov's Houses
DEMIDOV’S HOUSES (43-45 Bolshaya Morskaya Street), architectural monuments. Two houses situated on these plots were built in the 1740s, and in 1835-40, reconstructed by architect A.A. Montferrand for P.N. Demidov, who was a mine owner
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Design Institutes (entry)
DESIGN INSTITUTES Architectural. After October 1917, design and construction activity in Leningrad was concentrated in large institutes established in the course of city reconstruction
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Deviatogo Yanvarya Children Park
DEVIATOGO YANVARYA CHILDREN PARK (20 Stachek Avenue) is located between Shvetsov Street, Marshal Govorov Street, Tikhomirskaya Street and Stachek Avenue. It consists of 10
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