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Institute of Artistic Culture

INSTITUTE OF ARTISTIC CULTURE, State. The institute was organised in 1923 on the basis of the Museum of Artistic Culture, and was located at 9 St.Isaac's Square

Institute of Experimental Medicine

INSTITUTE OF EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE, a research institute situated at 12 Akademika Pavlova Street. It was founded by Prince A. P. Oldenburgsky as the Imperial Institute of Experimental Medicine in 1890 to become the first multifield medical and

Insurance companies (entry)

INSURANCE COMPANIES, financial and credit institutions, which deal with various kinds of insurance (life, real estate, personal estate insurance, etc.), the basic principle of which consists in compensating damages incurred by one person through

Intelligentsia

INTELLIGENTSIA, a social group forming a part of the St. Petersburg population, individuals engaged in intellectual work and possessing high educational qualifications (subdivided into creative work, science, and manufacturing)

Inter-Regional Party

INTER-REGIONAL PARTY (from the end of 1914 referred to as St. Petersburg Inter-Regional Committee of United Socialists Revolutionaries and Internationalists) was a socialist democratic organisation in St. Petersburg (Petrograd)

Internal Defence Belt

INTERNAL DEFENCE BELT, a series of defence constructions. Built in spring - autumn 1942, from the Seaport, to Avtovo, to Volodarsky Village, to Kupchino Station

Interyerny (Interior) Theatre

INTERYERNY (INTERIOR) THEATRE, State theatre, St. Petersburg, located at 104 Nevsky Prospect, established on 8 June 1988 as a theatre-studio based on a collective contract. Its founder and artistic director was N.V. Belyak, its main designer M.I

Inzhenerny Bridges

INZHENERNY BRIDGES (Engineer’s, two bridges in the district of Engineers' (see Mikhailovsky) Castle (hence the name). The first Engineers' Bridge (formerly Letny Bridge) spans the Moika River, along the Fontanka River

Isaakievsky Bridge

ISAAKIEVSKY BRIDGE, (St. Isaac’s Bridge) the first floating bridge over the Bolshaya Neva, opposite what is now Decembrist Square. It linked Admiralteysky Island with Vasilievsky Island. In 1727, the bridge was first launched

Iskusstv Square

ISKUSSTV SQUARE, situated between Inzhenernaya Street and Italyanskaya Street. Known as Mikhaylovskaya Square from 1834 to 1918, then called Lassalya Square until 1940, in memory of German socialist F. Lassal (1825-64)

Ivanov's Wednesdays, Literary and Artistic Meetings

IVANOV'S WEDNESDAYS were weekly literary and artistic meetings held in the flat of poet and philosopher Vyach. I. Ivanov and his wife, and writer, L. D. Zinovyeva-Annibal which became the centre of literary life of St

Izhora Plants

IZHORA PLANTS (1 Lenina Avenue, Kolpino), an open joint-stock company, which was founded in 1992. It originated from the Menshikov Izhora Sawmill, built in the early 18th century at the Izhora River

Izhorians

IZHORIANS, ethnic community, descendants of the ancient population of Ingria. Their language is related to the Finno-Ugric group of Uralic language family. Divided from southern Karelian tribes in the end of the first millennium

Izmaylovsky Bridge

IZMAYLOVSKY BRIDGE, over the Fontanka River, links Voznesensky and Izmaylovsky Avenues (hence the name). In 1738 there was a timber bridge here, the present bridge was built around 1786-88 (one of the seven typical bridges over the Fontanka

Izmaylovsky Life Guards Regiment

IZMAYLOVSKY LIFE GUARDS REGIMENT, third in seniority (after Preobrazhensky and Semenovsky) of infantry regiments in the Russian guards. Formed by a decree of Empress Anna Ioannovna in 1730 in Moscow

Jacot P., (1798-1860), architect.

JACOT Pavel Petrovich (1798-1860), architect and builder, representative of the late Neoclassicism. Native of France, he studied at the School of Fine Arts in Paris (1812-21) under the supervision of Debreu and L.I. Leba. In 1822 he came to St

Jordan Entrance

JORDAN ENTRANCE (Twelfth Tide Parade), a ceremony which took place on the 6th (19th) of January, in Twelfth Tide. Between 1732 and 1914, it was annually held in St

Kalinin M.I. (1875-1946), statesman

KALININ Mikhail Ivanovich (1875-1946), Soviet statesman, Hero of Socialist Labor (1944). He graduated from State elementary training school (1886). In 1889 arrived at St

Kalinkin Bridges

KALINKIN BRIDGES (Kalinkinsky Bridges), three bridges in the surroundings of a Finnish village Kalyola or Kallina (in the Russian manner Kalinkina), which existed in the 17th-19th centuries in the lower reaches of the Fontanka River

Kamenka, area

KAMENKA (Bolshaya Kamenka, until 1930 - Koloniya Kamenka "Kamenka Colony"), the former village in the north-west of St. Petersburg, north of Yuntolovskaya Forest Estate, and north-west of the region of large-scale residential building of Dolgoe Lake

Kamennoostrovsky Avenue

KAMENNOOSTROVSKY AVENUE, located between Troitskaya Square and the Bolshaya Nevka River Embankment. The main thoroughfare joining the city centre and the Petrogradskaya Side with Aptekarsky Island and Kamenny Island

Kamennoostrovsky Bridge

KAMENNOOSTROVSKY BRIDGE (commonly referred to as Betankurovsky), over the Malaya Nevka River, links Aptekarsky and Kamenny Islands along the Kamennoostrovsky Avenue. In 1760 St. Petersburg's fourth boat bridge was built here (architect А. Wist)

Kamenny Island, ensemble

KAMENNY ISLAND (in 1920-89 - Trudyashchikhsya Island), in the north-west part of the Neva river delta, located between the Bolshaya Nevka River to the north and the Malaya Nevka River to the south, the Krestovka River lies to the east

Kantemirovsky Bridge

KANTEMIROVSY BRIDGE, over the Bolshaya Nevka, links Medikov Avenue on Aptekarsky Island with Vyborgskaya Embankment and Kantemirovskaya Street (hence the name) on Vyborgskaya Side. It was constructed in 1979-82 (engineers B.N. Brudno, B.B

Karakozov D.V. (1840-1866), revolutionary

KARAKOZOV Dmitry Vladimirovich (1840-1866, St. Petersburg), participant of the revolutionary movement of the 1860s. Upon graduating from Penza Gymnasium (1860) studied at the faculties of Law at Kazan University, then at Moscow University

Karatygin V.A., (1802-1853), actor

KARATYGIN Vasily Andreevich (1802 - 1853, St. Petersburg), actor, playwright. Studied at the Mining Cadet Corps, and at a gymnasium. Served in the Department of Foreign Trade. First studied acting under Count A.A. Shakhovsky, and, from 1818, under P

Karpovka, river

KARPOVKA (from Fin. Korpijoki, which means Forest River or Crow River), a river, separating Petrogradsky Island and Aptekarsky Island. The river is 3 kilometres long

Katonin E.I. (1889-1984), architect

KATONIN Evgeny Ivanovich (1889–1984), architect, graphic artist, member of the Academy of Architecture of Ukraine (1956). Graduated from the Academy of Fine Arts (1918)

Kazan Cathedral

KAZAN CATHEDRAL, Our Lady of Kazan Сathedral (2 Kazanskaya Square). A monument of Classical architecture. In 1733-1737, the three sided stone Church of the Nativity of the Virgin Mary, with a high bell tower, stood on this spot (architect M.G

Kazanskoe Cemetery

KAZANSKOE CEMETERY. Cemetery in the town of Pushkin (1 Gusarskaya Street). The area consists of 35 hectares. It has existed from 1785. It is named after the Kazan Church and Burial Vault (1785-1790), built over the crypt of A.D