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Clerics of Novgorod and St. Petersburg (general article)
RULING CLERICS, members of the upper church hierarchy in the St. Petersburg Eparchy, consisting of bishops, archbishops and metropolitans. The Eparchy was known as the Eparchy of St. Petersburg and Schliesselburg (1742-70), St
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Climate
CLIMATE of St. Petersburg is defined by its geographic location as a transitional point from a marine to continental climate. It retains a relatively high air humidity throughout the year, with a mild
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Club 81
CLUB 81 was a professional creative union of writers. It was established at the end of 1981 on the initiative of I. A. Admatsky, B. I. Ivanov and Y. V. Novikov by authority of the Administration of the Committee for State Security and the Leningrad
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Clubs (entry)
CLUBS (in the 18th - beginning of the 20th century, also called Meetings), until the beginning of the 20th century they were voluntary corporate or class public institutions for leisure and socializing
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Coat of Arms, St. Petersburg
ST. PETERSBURG COAT OF ARMS, an officially approved heraldic emblem. The first known St. Petersburg coat of arms was on the banner of the St. Petersburg Regiment (1712), and showed a heart on the princely mantle beneath a princely crown
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College Buildings
COLLEGE BUILDINGS, group of college buildings including classes, workshops, library, assembly hall, recreation rooms, dormitories, etc. Among the first college buildings were the buildings of the Cadet Corps, Academy of Arts, Foster House
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Collegiums (entry)
COLLEGIUMS, central State control facilities, organised on the principle of departments; established by Tsar Peter the Great in 1717-21. Each collegium was headed by a president appointed by the Tsar; each president had a vice-president as a
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Collot M.-A., (1748-1821), sculptor
COLLOT Marie-Anne (1748-1821), sculptor. Studied in Paris under E.M. Falconet. In 1766 she went together with him to St. Petersburg, becoming a member of the Academy of Arts in 1767. She sculpted marble busts of Prince G.G
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Combined Infantry of His Imperial Majesty’s Own Regiment
COMBINED INFANTRY OF HIS IMPERIAL MAJESTY’S OWN REGIMENT, originates to the combined company, which guarded emperor Alexander II during the Russo-Turkish War of 1877-78. In March 1881 in St
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Comedians Halt, Cabaret
COMEDIANS HALT (Astrologer) (Prival Comediantov (Zvezdochet)), literary and artistic cabaret theatre. It was opened in 1916 in the vault of the House of Adamini (7 the Field of Mars)
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Commandant's Department (Ordonansgaus)
COMMANDANT'S DEPARTMENT (Ordonansgaus) (3 Sadovaya Street), architectural monument of late classicism, constructed in 1824-26 (architect А.А. Mikhailov, second project of K.I. Rossi)
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Commandant's House
COMMANDANT'S HOUSE, the commandant's residence at Peter and Paul Fortress. The first wooden Commandant's house was constructed in 1704. In 1718, it was replaced by a new building
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Commandants of Peter and Paul Fortress
COMMANDANTS OF PETER AND PAUL FORTRESS, military officials, in charge of Ss. Peter-and-Paul Fortress, and garrisons and establishments located on its territory
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Commemorative badge To the Residents of Besieged Leningrad
TO THE RESIDENTS OF BESIEGED LENINGRAD, a commemorative medal, instituted by the Executive Committee of the Leningrad Soviet of 23 January 1989. The decoration was conferred upon those people who lived in Leningrad during the siege of 1941-44 for
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Commerce (general)
COMMERCE. Favorably located, St. Petersburg has always played a major role in the country’s foreign trade (see Sea Port). The life of the city itself has been mainly supported by home trade, retail trade above all
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Commercial Colleges (Entry)
COMMERCIAL COLLEGES, institutions of intermediate education with general and special commercial educational courses. The first Russian commercial college was established in Moscow in 1772 by P. A. Demidov. It was transferred to St
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Commercial Kitchens
COMMERCIAL KITCHENS were factories for public food service and enterprises for mass production of ready-to-serve and semi-finished meals. They were built in Leningrad at the end of the 1920s - beginning of the 1930s with the purpose of providing hot
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Commission for St. Petersburg and Moscow Stone Construction
COMMISSION FOR ST. PETERSBURG AND MOSCOW STONE CONSTRUCTION was the state institution addressing the issues of urban planning and development of both capitals and other cities. It was formed on 11 December 1762 and was supervised by the Senate
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Commission for St. Petersburg Construction
COMMISSION OF ST. PETERSBURG CONSTRUCTION was the state institution organized on 10 July 1737 to regulate the city development following the fires on Admiralteisky Island. It was headed by K.A. Minich with P.M. Eropkin as chief architect
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Commission for the Study of Russian Natural Productive Resources,
COMMISSION FOR THE STUDY OF RUSSIAN NATURAL PRODUCTIVE FORCES founded under the Russian Academy of Sciences in 1915 during World War I of 1914-18. It was situated at 2a Tuchkovaya Embankment
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Committee against pogroms
COMMITTEE AGAINST POGROMS, emergency government authority, established on December 4 (17 New Style), 1917 of the decision of Petrograd Soviet for the cessation of wine pogroms in Petrograd. The Committee was located in Smolny (room No. 75)
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Committee for Construction and Water Works
COMMITTEE FOR CONSTRUCTION AND WATER WORKS was the state institution created in May 1816 on the initiative of A. A. Bethencourt for consideration of development, urban planning, and improvement projects of St. Petersburg
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Committee for Military and Naval Affairs
COMMITTEE FOR MILITARY AND NAVAL AFFAIRS, the first Central Soviet Armed Forces Administration. Established at the second All-Russian Congress of Soviets on 26 October (8 September) 1917, and quartered at Smolny. Committee members included V. A
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Committee for the Salvation of the Fatherland and the Revolution
COMMITTEE FOR THE SALVATION OF THE FATHERLAND AND THE REVOLUTION, An anti-Bolshevik organisation, established on the night of 26 October (old style: 8 November) 1917
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Common Lodging-houses (entry)
COMMON LODGING-HOUSES (commonly known as "nochlezhkas"). Special lodging for overnight stay for the homeless, appeared in St. Petersburg on the initiative of the Police
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Communal Apartments
COMMUNAL APARTMENTS. The word combination "communal apartments" is a product of the Soviet epoch. However, first communal apartments appeared in the early 18th century, when rental lodging was partitioned by the landlords into "corners"
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Commune of Artists
COMMUNE OF ARTISTS, art association. Founded in 1910 by graduates of the Academy of Arts, including S. A. Vlasov, D. G. Okroyants, N. V. Kharitonov, and I. M. Schlugleit, with the participation of I. E. Repin, honorary chairman from 1915
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Communication Museum
COMMUNICATION MUSEUM, A. S. Popov Central (7 Pochtamtskaya Street) is the first such museum in Russia. It ranks among the biggest museums of its kind in the world
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Communist Battalions
COMMUNIST BATTALIONS. Special subunits of the People's Volunteer Militia, formed as an emergency measure in Leningrad in 1941 - early 1942 on the initiative of local parties
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Communities
Communities, an official or unofficial association of immigrants from any region, permanently or temporarily living in St. Petersburg. Their main aim is mutual help and interaction in a familiar cultural setting. In St
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