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Persons / Tchaikovsky Peter Ilyich
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Tchaikovsky P.I., (1840-1893), composer

TCHAIKOVSKY Peter Ilyich (1840-1893, St. Petersburg), composer, conductor, pedagogue, musical writer. Director of the Moscow branch of the Russian Musical Society (1885), member of the Paris Academy of Fine Arts

Admiralteiskaya Embankment

ADMIRALTEISKAYA EMBANKMENT, in 1918-44 - Roshalya Embankment in honour of revolutionary S. G. Roshal (1896-1917), lying between Dvortsovy Avenue and Dekabristov Square

Alchevsky I.A. (1876-1917), singer

ALCHEVSKY Ivan Alexeevich (1876-1917), opera singer, lyrical dramatic tenor. Learned to sing under elder brother, G.A. Alchevsky. From 1896 to 1901, he was in the Natural Science Department of the University of Kharkov

Apukhtin A.N. (1840-1893), poet

APUKHTIN Alexey Nikolaevich (1840-1893, St. Petersburg), poet, prose writer. He graduated from The Law School (1859, schoolmate of P.I. Tchaikovsky), then he served in the Ministry of Justice (until 1862)

Auer L. (1845-1930), violinist

AUER Leopold (1845-1930), violinist, pedagogue, conductor, student of J. Joachim. Came from Austria-Hungary. Lived in St. Petersburg in 1868-1917. During a tour to London, became acquainted with A. G

Bakst L.S., (1866-1924), artist

BAKST (Rosenberg) Lev Samoilovich (1866-1924), painter, graphic artist, and stage designer. He was an irregular student at the Academy of Arts in 1883-87 and private academies in Paris in 1890s. He became a member of the Academy of Arts in 1914

Ballet Theatre (Boris Eifman)

BALLET THEATRE was founded under the guidance of Boris Eifman under the auspices of Lenconcert in 1977. At different times it had different names: the New Ballet, The Leningrad Ballet Ensemble, and the Leningrad Theatre of Modern Ballet

Battistini М.(1856-1928), singer

BATTISTINI Mattia (1856-1928), Italian singer, baritone. With a soft expressive voice and a well-developed upper register, he was a darling of the audience. His career began in 1878 in Rome. Battistini's repertoire included roles in operas by G

Belyaev M.P., (1836-1903), public figure

BELYAEV Mitrofan Petrovich (1836, St. Petersburg - 1903, St. Petersburg) was a timber merchant, patron of arts, public figure and publisher of music scores, amateur musician

Benois А.N., (1870-1960), artist

BENOIS Alexander Nikolaevich (1870, St. Petersburg – 1960), painter, graphic artist, stage designer, art historian and critic. Son of N. L. Benois. He studied in K. I

Choreographic Miniatures, ballet theatre

CHOREOGRAPHIC MINIATURES, ballet theatre. Established in 1969 on the base of the Chamber Ballet, under artistic director L.V. Yakobson. Yakobson's productions, created specially for the troupe

Davydov K.Y., (1838-1889), musician

DAVYDOV Karl Yulievich (1838-1889), violoncellist, pedagogue, conductor, composer. Graduated from Moscow University with the rank of Candidate of Mathematical Sciences (1858). Learned to play the violoncello under K.Y. Schubert and others

Dzhambula Lane

DZHAMBULA LANE, running between the Fontanka River Embankment and Zagorodny Avenue. Known as Leshtukov (Lestokov) Lane until 1952. The lane was laid in the first half of the 18th century

Figner N.N., (1857-1918), singer

Figner Nikolay Nikolaevich (1857-1918), opera singer (lyric tenor), stage-director, pedagogue, theatre figure. Brother of V.N. Figner. In 1878 he graduated from the Marine Cadet Corps in St. Petersburg, served in the Fleet, and retired in 1881

Funeral Rites (entry)

FUNERAL RITES. Burials during the building of St. Petersburg were noted for their utmost simplicity. As C. Weber (1718) witnessed, "a body wrapped in a coarse bast sack, tightened with ropes, and put on a bier

Grand Hotel Europe

GRAND HOTEL EUROPE (in 1875-1991, Evropeyskaya (European); 7/1 Mikhailovskaya Street; since 1991 Grand Hotel Europe). Opened on 28 January 1875. The building was built in 1873-75 (architect L.F

Gypsy Choruses (entry)

GYPSY CHORUSES, up to the early 20th century they were called "Moscow Gypsy Choruses" (that is, Russian) in contrast to Hungarian, Spanish, Crimean. Practically all soloists had stage names, their real names having been for the most part lost

Imperial Theatres

IMPERIAL THEATRES (in the 18th century court theatres, in the 19th century also called public theatres), originally intended to entertain the Imperial family, and to entertain and educate the public

Italian Opera

ITALIAN OPERA existed in St. Petersburg in 1733-1914 (intermittently) in two guises: as Italian musical theatre with performances in Italian and as proper Italian operas performed by Russian companies in Russian (from 1781 up to the present moment)

Ivanov L.I., (1834-1901), choreographer

IVANOV Lev Ivanovich (1834-1901, St. Petersburg), ballet dancer and choreographer. He graduated from Petersburg Theatre School in 1852. He studied under F. Malovern, E. Gredlu, and J. Petipa Father. The first classical dancer of St

Kaplan E.I. (1895-1961), stage director

KAPLAN Emmanuil Iosifovich (1895, St. Petersburg - 1961, Leningrad), singer (tenor), stage director, teacher. Graduated from the Architecture Department of the Academy of Arts (1925)

Kastorsky V.I., (1871-1948), singer

KASTORSKY Vladimir Ivanovich (1871 - 1948, Leningrad), opera singer (bass), chamber signer, and teacher, awarded an honoured artist of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic in 1934 and honoured art worker of the Russian Soviet Federative

Kazan Cathedral

KAZAN CATHEDRAL, Our Lady of Kazan Сathedral (2 Kazanskaya Square). A monument of Classical architecture. In 1733-1737, the three sided stone Church of the Nativity of the Virgin Mary, with a high bell tower, stood on this spot (architect M.G

Lapitsky I.M. (1876-1944), stage director

LAPITSKY (alias Mikhailov) Iosif Mikhailovich (1876-1944), actor, opera and drama director, musical and public figure, Honoured Artist of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (1936)

Law School

LAW SCHOOL, the Imperial Law School, a privileged private higher education institution for the nobility. It was founded in 1835, and financed by Prince P. G. Oldenburgsky

Leiner's Restaurant

LEINER'S RESTAURANT. Opened circa 1885 at 18 Nevsky Prospect by entrepreneur F.O. Leiner; after his death, the restaurant went to his widow V. Leiner. In the late 19th century, Leiner's was a sort of an artistic club

Lermontovsky Avenue

LERMONTOVSKY AVENUE, running between Dekabristov Street and Obvodny Canal Embankment. Formed in 1912 as part of the joining of Bolshaya Masterskaya Street (from Dekabristov Street to Griboedova Canal)

Lines of Vasilievsky Island (entry)

LINES Of VASILIEVSKY ISLAND, the historical name of a number of parallel streets that intersect Vasilievsky Island from the south to the north: First to Twenty-Ninth Lines, Birzhevaya Line, Kozhevennaya Line, Kosaya Line, Mendeleevskaya Line

Lopukhov F.V., (1886-1973), choreographer

LOPUKHOV Fedor Vasilievich (1886, St. Petersburg - 1973, Leningrad), ballet dancer, choreographer, and teacher, people's artist of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (1956). A student of N. G

Lyadov А.K., (1855-1914), composer

LYADOV Anatoly Konstantinovich (1855, St. Petersburg - 1914), composer, conductor, teacher, and musician. A son of K. N. Lyadov (1820-71), conductor, violinist, and bandmaster of the Russian Imperial Opera Company in 1860-69

Makarova Embankment

MAKAROVA EMBANKMENT (until 1887 - Malaya Neva River Embankment, until 1952 - Tuchkova Embankment), between Birzhevaya Square and Smolenka River Embankment, on Vasilievsky Island, on the left bank of the Malaya Neva. The embankment was named after S

Marble Palace

MARBLE PALACE (1/5 Millionnaya Street), an architectural monument of early Neoclassicism. It was constructed in 1768-1785 (architect A. Rinaldi) for Count G.G. Orlov, a favourite of Empress Catherine II

Mariinsky Theatre

MARIINSKY THEATRE, State Academic Opera and Ballet Theatre (1 Teatralnaya Square), which takes its origin from the Russian court company established in 1783 "not only for comedies and tragedies, but for operas also"

Memorial plaques (general article)

MEMORIAL PLAQUES. Memorial inscriptions in stone and metal first appeared in St. Petersburg as early as the 18h century. On the descents leading to the Neva River

Meyerhold V.E., (1874-1940), director

MEYERHOLD Vsevolod Emilievich (Karl Kazimir Teodor Meiergold, before Orthodox christening in 1895) (1874-1940), director, actor, pedagogue, theatre worker, People's Artist of the Republic (1923)

Moika, river

MOIKA (the original name Mya; known as Muya until the early 18th century, derived from the Izhora word for "slush, mire"), a river in the Neva river delta. The Moika River is 4.67 kilometres long, with a width of up to 40 metres

Morskaya Malaya Street

MORSKAYA MALAYA STREET (since 1738 - Bolshaya Lugovaya Street, since the middle of the 18th century until the 1820s - Novaya Isaakievskaya Street, in 1902-93 - Gogolya Street, after N.V. Gogol), between Nevsky Prospect and St. Isaac's Square

Mravinsky Е.А., (1903-1988), conductor

MRAVINSKY Evgeny Alexandrovich (1903 - 1988, Leningrad), conductor, people's artist of the USSR (1954) and Hero of Socialist Labour (1973). A student of the Second Gymnasium, Petersburg University, and Academic Chapel

Museum of City Sculpture

MUSEUM OF CITY SCULPTURE, State Museum of City Sculpture (STCS) (179/2 Nevsky Prospect) was organised in 1939 with the aim to keep records, provide protection and carry out restoration of major monuments

Music Publishing Business

MUSIC PUBLISHING BUSINESS. Printed music was more expensive than handwritten in the 18th century to the first halа of the 19th century. Initially it was only printed for special occasions, later - only for a small number of followers

Music Societies and Circles (general)

MUSICAL SOCIETIES AND CIRCLES, official associations of music lovers with their own charters and rights to hold public concerts and other activities. There were two associations founded in the last third of the 18th century: the Music Club (1772-77)

Musical Drama Theatre

MUSICAL DRAMA THEATRE, operated in St. Petersburg (Petrograd) in 1912-19. Also performed at the Grand Hall of the Conservatory. Its founder and art director was I. M. Lapitsky

Mussorgsky Opera and Ballet Theatre

MUSSORGSKY OPERA AND BALLET THEATRE. Dates back to 1918, when it was established in the building of the Mikhailovsky Theatre (1 Iskusstv Square; 1833, architect А. P. Bryullov, rebuilt in 1859 by architect А. K. Cavos)

Napravnik E.F., (1839-1916), composer

NAPRAVNIK Eduard Frantsevich (1839-1916, Petrograd), conductor, composer, and musician. Originally from the Czech Republic, he studied at an organ school and under I. F. Kittl, the director of the conservatory, in Prague. He lived in St

Necropolis of Artists

NECROPOLIS OF ARTISTS (in 1823-76, the New Lazarevskoe Cemetary; in 1876-1937, the Tikhvinskoe Cemetery). Memorial Necropolis Park included in 1937 in the City Sculpture Museum. Its square takes up 1.2 hectares

Palecek О.O., (1842-1915), singer

PALECEK Osip Osipovich (Josef) (1842-1915, Petrograd), opera singer (basso cantante), chamber signer, director, and teacher. A native of the Czech Republic, he studied music in Prague as an organist and as singer, studying under professor F. Tivodi

Patronage of Art (entry)

PATRONAGE OF ART is disinterested financial and other forms of participation in the culture, science, and assistance to figures of science and culture. The beginning for patronage of art in St

Patti А. (1845-1919), singer

PATTI Adelina (1845-1919), Italian singer (soprano). In 1859, she made her debut on the opera stage. She had a unique voice, equally strong in all registers, with a metallic timber and perfect technique. In 1869-77, she performed in St

Pechkovsky N.K., (1896-1966), singer

PECHKOVSKY Nikolay Konstantinovich (1896-1966, Leningrad), opera actor (lyric drama tenor), People's Artist of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (1939). Began on the stages of Moscow's dramatic theatres in 1910

Petipa М.I., (1818-1910), choreographer

PETIPA Marius Ivanovich (1818-1910), French ballet dancer, choreographer, and teacher. He studied under his father J. Petipa and A. Vestris. Invited to St. Petersburg as a mime dancer in 1847, he danced until 1869. A teacher in St

Petrov O.A., (1807-1878), singer

PETROV Osip Afanasievich (1807-1878, St. Petersburg), performed in operas (bass), operettas, and dramas, chamber singer and teacher. Husband of A.Y. Petrova-Vorobyeva. Studied rudiments of music under kapellmeister Bekhman

Philharmonic Society

PHILHARMONIC SOCIETY, a musical, educational and trustee society, organisation of St. Petersburg professional musicians. It was established in 1802 as a charitable organisation, called the Aid Fund of Musicians’ Widows

Preobrazhenskaya S.P., (1904-1966), singer

PREOBRAZHENSKAYA Sofia Petrovna (1904, St. Petersburg - 1966, Leningrad), opera singer (mezzo-soprano), People's Artist of the USSR (1955). Graduated from Ershov and Zaytseva School of Music in 1928

Rimsky-Korsakov Conservatory

RIMSKY-KORSAKOV CONSERVATORY (3 Teatralnaya Square), the oldest Russian higher school of music. The Conservatory was founded in 1861-62 by the Russian Musical Society on the initiative of A.G

Sobinov L.V., (1872-1934), singer

SOBINOV Leonid Vitalievich (1872-1934), opera singer (lyric tenor), chamber singer, [theatre figure], People's Artist of the Republic (1923). In 1890-95 he studied at the Faculty of Law at Moscow University

Solyanoy Lane

SOLYANOY LANE, from Tchaikovskogo Street to Pestelya Street. In the first quarter of the 18th century, a canal was located here which enclosed the area of the Partikulyarnaya (Civil) Shipyard. In the 1730s St

St. Petersburg Opera, the chamber musical theatre

ST. PETERSBURG OPERA (33 Galernaya Street), the state chamber musical theatre was established in 1987, director Y.I. Alexandrov. The opening ceremony took place on the theatre’s stage in the Yusupov Palace

State Opera and Ballet Theatre of the St. Petersburg Conservatory

STATE OPERA AND BALLET THEATRE of the St. Petersburg Rimsky-Korsakov Conservatory; in 1923-89, known as Opera Studio of the Conservatory, and called the Musical Theatre of the Conservatory from 1989 to 1994

Strauss J. (1825-1899), composer

STRAUSS Johann (Junior) (1825-1899), Austrian composer, violinist and conductor. First rate master of the Viennese waltz. After his father's death in 1849, he toured through Europe with a concert and dance orchestra

Strepetova P.A., (1850-1903), actress

STREPETOVA Pelageya (Polina) Antipievna (1850-1903), actress. Her performances in Kazan (1871) and Moscow exposed her talent for tragedy and made her famous. Strepetova, who invested her characters with the spirit of social protest

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