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Art Galleries (entry)
ART GALLERIES. The first art galleries were public, cooperative and private companies that appeared in Leningrad in the mid-1980s. They disrupted the monopoly of state organizations and the Union of Artists on exhibition activity
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Book Trade (entry)
BOOK TRADE. State, institutional and private book trading has been carried out in St. Petersburg since the first years of its existence. The first official bookshop belonged to the St
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"Brick Style"
"BRICK STYLE". The term used in Russian art-historical literature for a so-called rational trend in architecture from the second half of the 19th - beginning of the 20th centuries
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Cabmen
CABMEN, appeared in St. Petersburg in the city's early days (decree of 1705 "On Taxing Cabmen"), at about the same time cab driving grew into a business practised as a rule by peasants. By 1745 there were 3,000 cabmen in St. Petersburg
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Cavos A.K. (1800-1863), architect.
CAVOS Albert Katarinovich (1800, St. Petersburg - 1863, Peterhof), architect, representative of the late Neoclassicism of Italian descent. A son of C. A. Cavos. He studied at the University of Padua (Italy) under the guidance of C. I. Rossi
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Cemeteries (entry)
CEMETERIES. Even before the foundation of St. Petersburg there were several necropolises on the location of the future city: the records of the beginning of the 18th century indicate a Finnish-Swedish cemetery at Elagin (Aptekarsky) Island
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Church of the Exaltation of the Holy Cross
CHURCH OF THE EXALTATION OF THE HOLY CROSS, located at 128 Ligovsky Avenue. An architectural monument. Constructed in 1747-49, in the Baroque style (architect I. Y. Schumacher). It replaced the wooden Church of St
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Church of the Holy Sign
CHURCH OF THE HOLY SIGN in Tsarskoe Selo (2a Sadovaya Street, Pushkin), an architectural monument in the Baroque style of the reign of Anna Ioannovna. It was built according to the plans of architect M. G. Zemtsov with the assistance of I. Y
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Civil Control, Public Association
CIVIL CONTROL (87 Ligovsky Avenue), public human rights organisation. It was initiated in 1992 to provide for the Parliament's and people's control over the activity of secret services
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Confessions, Non-Orthodox (entry)
NON ORTHODOX CONFESSIONS, Christian non-Orthodox churches. From the beginning of the 18th century, St. Petersburg was the centre of foreign confessions in Russia. The most numerous community were the Roman Catholics
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Dostoevskogo Street
DOSTOEVSKOGO STREET, running from Kuznechny Lane to Sotsialisticheskaya Street. In 1739-99, the main part of the street was called Skatertnaya; the length extending from Svechnoy Lane to Ruzovskaya Street bore the name Semenovskaya Street (after the
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Embankments (entry)
EMBANKMENTS, engineering works built along the waterways of St. Petersburg from the early 18th century in order to stabilise banks and reclaim land. The first wooden embankments appeared in Gorodskoy Island on the left bank of the Neva River between
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Flittner N.D. (1879-1957), Eastern Studies scholar
FLITTNER Natalia Davydovna (1879, St. Petersburg - 1957, Leningrad), Historian of the East, Egyptologist. Ph.D. (Doctor of History) (1940). Graduated from the Department of History and Philology of Higher Women’s Courses (Bestuzhev courses) in 1904
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Fountains (entry)
FOUNTAINS. The first fountains in St. Petersburg were laid out at the beginning of the 18th century in the Summer Garden. In 1717, the first engine was ordered (engineer Desaguliers) for their water supply and in 1717-1721 Ligovsky Canal was dug
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Free Culture, association
FREE CULTURE is an association that was founded in 1990 as the Leningrad Branch of the All-Union Humanitarian Pushkin Fund. In 1992 it became The St. Petersburg Humanitarian Fund of "Free Culture" and in 1997 it was reorganized into the Partnership
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Frunzensky District
FRUNZENSKY DISTRICT, an administrative and territorial unit of St. Petersburg, with its administration located at 46 Prazhskaya Street. Formed in 1936, it was named in honour of Soviet statesman and military commander M. V
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Grechesky Avenue
GRECHESKY AVENUE, running from Second Sovetskaya Street to Vilensky Lane. The avenue was laid in the 1860s and assumed its name in 1871 after the Greek Church of St. Demetrius of Thessalonica
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Greek Church of St. Demetrius of Thessalonica
GREEK CHURCH OF ST. DEMETRIUS OF THESSALONICA, located at 6 Ligovsky Avenue, commissioned by entrepreneur D. I. Benardaki for the needs of the Greek community of St. Petersburg. It was constructed in 1861-65, in the Byzantine style (architect R. I
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Gymnasia (entry)
GYMNASIA, institutions of intermediate general education. In pre-revolutionary Russia they were mainly established with the purpose of training pupils for university and service in state institutions
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Industrial Architecture (entry)
INDUSTRIAL ARCHITECTURE. Construction of buildings for industrial purposes originally determined the appearance of St. Petersburg and its outskirts. The industrial style buildings included the Admiralty Shipyard, Partikulyarnaya Shipyard
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Kibalchich N.I. (1853-1881), revolutionary, inventor
KIBALCHICH Nikolay Ivanovich (1853-1881, St. Petersburg), participant of the revolutionary movement, inventor. On graduating from Novgorod-Seversk Gymnasium (1871), entered the Institute of Communications Engineers
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Korolenko V. G. (1853-1921), writer
KOROLENKO Vladimir Galaktionovich (1853-1921), prose writer, publicist, public figure, honorary member of the Petersburg Academy of Sciences (1900; in 1902 along with Anton Chekhov laid down the title of academician in the protest against the
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Kuznechny Lane
KUZNECHNY LANE, connects Zagorodny Avenue and Vladimirskaya Square with Ligovsky Avenue. In the 1740s, this territory was settled by blacksmiths serving the court. In the 1760s, the Church of Our Lady of Vladimir was erected along the street
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Ligovsky Avenue
IGOVSKY AVENUE, running between Nekrasova Street and Moskovsky Avenue. Known as Ligovskaya Street until 1956. Constructed along the Ligovsky Canal track (hence the name) starting in 1891
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Ligovsky Canal
LIGOVSKY CANAL was constructed to supply drinking water to St. Petersburg under the project of Grigory Skornyakov-Pisarev in 1718-21. Originally, it was 23 km long, 2-4 meters bottom-wide and 1-2 meters deep
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Lishnevsky A.L., (1868-1942), architect
LISHNEVSKY Alexander Lvovich (1868-1942), architect, a noted Art Nouveau and Neoclassical artist. He graduated from the Academy of Arts in 1892, and worked in the Ukraine for some time. From 1901, he lived in St. Petersburg
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Moscow Triumphal Arch
MOSCOW TRIUMPHAL ARCH built in 1834-38, designed by architect V.P. Stasov, stands on the intersection of Moskovsky Avenue and Ligovsky Avenue in commemoration of the Russian military victories in the Russo-Turkish War of 1828-29
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Moskovskaya Zastava
MOSKOVSKAYA ZASTAVA, the historical name of the north part of present-day Moskovsky District. The name originates from the post that existed at the intersection of Moscow road and Ligovsky Canal
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Museum of Bread
MUSEUM OF BREAD (73 Ligovsky Avenue) is the only Russian museum and the 13th museum in the world dedicated to the history of bread-making. The museum was established on 5 November 1988 as a branch museum of bread-making
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Nicholas II, the Emperor (1868-1918)
Nicholas II (1868, Tsarskoe Selo - 1918), Emperor from 1894 to 1917. Son of Emperor Alexander III and Empress Maria Fedorovna. Married Princess of Hesse-Darmstadt, who took the name of Alexandra Fedorovna
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Novo-Kamenny Bridge
NOVO-KAMENNY BRIDGE (also known as Vodoprovodny; Yamskoy, after Yamskaya Sloboda; Bolshoy Karetny; Granitny), over Obvodny Canal, at Ligovsky Avenue. The bridge was built in 1817-21 (engineer P.P
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Peski
PESKI (sands), the historical name of the area in the centre of St. Petersburg, between the Neva River, Nevsky Prospect and Ligovsky Avenue, on both sides of Suvorovsky Avenue. The name is caused by the nature of the ground
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Pisemsky A.F. (1821-1881), writer
PISEMSKY Alexey Feofilaktovich (1821-1881), writer, playwright. Graduated from the Second Mathematics Department of the Faculty of Philosophy of Moscow University (1844). Lived in St
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Pribaltiiskaya Hotel
PRIBALTIISKAYA HOTEL (14 Korablestroiteley Street). A hotel built in 1976-78 (architect N.N. Baranov, S.I. Evdokimov, V.I. Kovalev, engineer P.F. Panfilov) by the Swedish civil engineering firm Skanska Zementgutteriett
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Prudki, garden
PRUDKI is a garden in the central part of St. Petersburg, between Ligovsky Avenue, Grechesky Avenue, Nekrasova Street and Prudkovsky Lane. The garden was laid out on the spot of the former ponds which existed at the end of Ligovsky Canal
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Public Halls (entry)
PUBLIC HALLS, a special premise for informal mass events. The first public hall was arranged in banker A.A. Ral's house (On the Moika River Embankment, beside Red Bridge; not preserved)
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Rachau K.K., (1830-1880), architect
RACHAU Karl Karlovich (1830 - 1880, St. Petersburg), architect, one of the prominent representatives of St. Petersburg Eclectism, master of interiors, accentuating small forms and an architectural scholar
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Rauchfus Children’s Hospital
RAUCHFUS CHILDREN’S HOSPITAL (before 1918 Prince Oldenburg's Children’s Hospital) (8 Ligovsky Avenue), was built in 1869 (architect A.K. Cavos) on the initiative of the Prince P.G. Oldenburg (hence the hospital's original name) and paediatrician K
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Razyezzhaya Street
RAZYEZZHAYA STREET (in the first half of the 19th century, it was also referred to as Chernyshev Lane), between Zagorodny Avenue and Ligovsky Avenue. The road was named in 1739, constructed in the 1740s following the designs of St
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Real Schools (entry)
REAL SCHOOLS, incomplete secondary or secondary education institutions providing general and special courses with an emphasis placed on natural sciences and mathematics. The first Real department was opened in St
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Relief
RELIEF. Despite having a general plain character, its flatness and large built up areas, the relief of St. Petersburg is diverse and full of contrasts. The highest peaks in the southwest of the city reach 176 meters
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San Galli F. K. (1824-1908), entrepreneur
SAN GALLI Franz Karlovich (Franz Friedrich Wilhelm) (1824-1908, St. Petersburg), entrepreneur and public figure, Actual Civil Counsellor (1889), and honorary process engineer (1888). Native of Germany, he graduated from a gymnasium in Stettin
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Settlements(entry)
SETTLEMENTS (sloboda), St. Petersburg settlements set on separate territories and featuring homogeneous social structure. The population of a settlement is united by occupation, estate, parentage or religion
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Sovetskie Streets, First - Tenth
SOVETSKIE STREETS, First - Tenth (were called Rozhdestvenskie Streets from 1798 to 1923, after the Nativity of Our Lord Church, with the present-day name given on occasion of the 6th anniversary of the October Revolution of 1917)
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Srednyaya Rogatka
SREDNYAYA ROGATKA, the historical name of the area where Pulkovskoe Freeway and Moskovskoe Freeway intersect. In the 18th-19th centuries, an outpost was located there and the road was blocked with rogatka (turnpike) at night (hence the name)
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Strepetova P.A., (1850-1903), actress
STREPETOVA Pelageya (Polina) Antipievna (1850-1903), actress. Her performances in Kazan (1871) and Moscow exposed her talent for tragedy and made her famous. Strepetova, who invested her characters with the spirit of social protest
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Tsentralny (Central) District
TSENTRALNY (CENTRAL) DISTRICT, an administrative-territorial entity within St. Petersburg, with the territorial administration situated at 176 Nevsky Prospect. The district was set up in 1994, when Smolninsky District
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Union of Liberation, political organization
UNION OF LIBERATION was an illegal political organization of liberal democratic orientation. It was founded in 1903. The constituent congress was held in St. Petersburg on 3-5 January 1904 in the flats of lawyer I.A
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Volkovskoe Cemeteries
VOLKOVSKOE CEMETERIES is situated in the north-eastern part of Frunzensky region, the oldest of the St. Petersburg cemeteries functioning today. Volkovskoe Orthodox Cemetery (7а Rasstanny Passage)
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Vosstaniya Square
VOSSTANIYA SQUARE (translated as Uprising Square) known as Znamenskaya Square until 1918 lies at the intersection of Nevsky Prospect and Ligovsky Avenue. The first name translated as Holy Sign Square originated from the Holy Sign Church
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World of Literature, publishing house, 1918-1924
WORLD OF LITERATURE, a publishing house established in 1918 by M. Gorky, A.N. Tikhonov and I.P. Ladyzhnikov attached to the People's Comissariat for Education of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic
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Zastavy (Outposts) (entry)
ZASTAVY (OUTPOSTS), checkpoints, established in the early 18th century on the main roads at the entrance to St. Petersburg to check goods, luggage and to register people, leaving or entering the city
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Zazersky A.I. (1876-1942), engineer, inventor
ZAZERSKY Alexey Ivanovich (1876, St. Petersburg - 1942, Leningrad), architect, one of the builders of the first St. Petersburg co-operative house. Father of N.A. Zazersky. Representative of the Art Nouveau and Neo-Classical styles
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Zhukovskogo Street
ZHUKOVSKOGO STREET, running from Liteiny Avenue to Ligovsky Avenue. Previously known as Malaya Italyanskaya Street, the street assumed its present-day name in 1902 in commemoration of the 50th anniversary of the death of V.A. Zhukovsky
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