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Admiralty
ADMIRALTY, in the 18-19 centuries - a place for the building and repairing of warships, provided with all the necessary equipment (dockyards, ship-ways, slipways, storehouses, workshops, etc.). In St
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Angleterre Hotel
ANGLETERRE HOTEL (24 Malaya Morskaya Street - 10 Voznesensky Avenue). Opened in 1876 by Theresa Schmidt, an entrepreneur. Originally the hotel was called Schmidt-England, then England; in 1911-19, it became the Angleterre, in 1919-25
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Art Galleries (entry)
ART GALLERIES. The first art galleries were public, cooperative and private companies that appeared in Leningrad in the mid-1980s. They disrupted the monopoly of state organizations and the Union of Artists on exhibition activity
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Arzamas, Literary Circle
ARZAMAS, literary circle from 1815 to1818. It was founded by V. A. Zhukovsky (who became the secretary and invented witty "minutes" of the meetings), D. V. Dashkov, D. N. Bludov, A. I. Turgenev, S. S. Uvarov, later K. N. Batyushkov, P. A
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Baths (entry)
BATHS. The first baths in St. Petersburg were built near rivers and other reservoirs, separate from residential houses. About 30 so-called commercial baths were constructed by 1720. Construction was paid for by the Treasury
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Casinos (entry)
CASINOS (from Italian casino - house), a kind of gambling-house. In the Russian Empire and USSR gambling-houses and casinos were officially banned. The first legal casinos appeared in St
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City Clock
CITY CLOCK. The very first mechanical clock in the city was installed in 1704 in the tower of wooden St. Peter and Paul Cathedral. In 1710, the first striker clock (with chimes) was set up on the belfry of the Church of St
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Consular Institutions (entry)
CONSULAR INSTITUTIONS, or permanent governmental organs for foreign affairs, executed security and protection of economic and judicial interests of their country's citizens and legal bodies, the issuance of visas and passports, and acted as notaries
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Dume Restaurant
DUME RESTAURANT (15 Malaya Morskaya Street / 7 Gorokhovaya Street). Opened in the early 1820s by Andrieux, a former French Prisoner of War of 1812 who stayed in Russia. D. V. Venevitinov, F. V
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English Club
ENGLISH CLUB, English assembly, one of the first club-type establishments in Russia. It was founded on March 12, 1770 at Her Majesty Catherine II's pleasure by English entrepreneurs F. Gardner and C. Gardiner
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Findeizen N.F., (1868-1928), musician
FINDEIZEN Nikolay Fedorovich (1868, St. Petersburg - 1928), music critic, historian of the Russian music, music figure. Graduated from the Commercial School, took music lessons in composition from N.A. Sokolov (1890-92)
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Gas Supply Services
GAS SUPPLY SERVICES. The first gas-generating retort installations in Russia appeared in St. Petersburg in the early 19th century. Initially gas was used for lighting. In 1819 the first gas lamps were lit on Aptekarsky Island
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Gogol N.V. (1809-1852), writer
GOGOL Nikolay Vasilievich (1809-1852), writer. Graduated from Poltava Provincial School (1819) and Nezhinsk Gymnasium of Higher Sciences (1828). In 1828 moved to St
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Gramophone
GRAMOPHONE, the first phonographs appeared in St. Petersburg at the beginning of the 1880s, shortly after they had been invented by T. Edison. At the beginning of the 1890s they were replaced by gramophone records and gramophones
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Hotels (entry)
HOTELS. In St. Petersburg's early years, visitors stayed at hostelries, taverns or with acquaintances. With the spread of commerce, there appeared "guest yards", or visitor's complexes, in front of which merchants sold goods. One of the first St
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Inns (entry)
INNS. Establishments featuring apartments and rooms for lodgers, as well as dining halls (similar to modern hotels). In the early 18th century kharchevnies (taverns) were also called inns or traktirs (Avsteria, Krasny Kabachok)
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Insurance companies (entry)
INSURANCE COMPANIES, financial and credit institutions, which deal with various kinds of insurance (life, real estate, personal estate insurance, etc.), the basic principle of which consists in compensating damages incurred by one person through
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Kuindzhi Society
KUINDZHI SOCIETY (Kuindzhi Society of Artists), art association. Founded in 1909 on the initiative of and with financial support from A. I. Kuindzhi, its honorary chairman, in order to provide financial support to artists
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Marx A.F., (1838-1904), publisher
MARX Adolf Fedorovich (1838-1904, St. Petersburg), publisher. An emigrant from Germany, he came to St. Petersburg in 1859 summoned by booksellers F.A. Bitepazh and I.K. Kalugin to arrange the German section of their book trade
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Morskaya Bolshaya Street
MORSKAYA BOLSHAYA STREET (in 1920-93 - Herzen Street, after A.I. Herzen), located from the General Staff Arch to Kryukov Canal. It was constructed in the early 18th century, in Morskaya settlement (hence the name)
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Morskaya Malaya Street
MORSKAYA MALAYA STREET (since 1738 - Bolshaya Lugovaya Street, since the middle of the 18th century until the 1820s - Novaya Isaakievskaya Street, in 1902-93 - Gogolya Street, after N.V. Gogol), between Nevsky Prospect and St. Isaac's Square
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Music Societies and Circles (general)
MUSICAL SOCIETIES AND CIRCLES, official associations of music lovers with their own charters and rights to hold public concerts and other activities. There were two associations founded in the last third of the 18th century: the Music Club (1772-77)
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Nevsky Prospect
NEVSKY PROSPECT known as Bolshaya Pershpektivnaya Road or Bolshaya Pershpektiva until 1738, Nevskaya Prospektivaya Street or Nevskaya Perspektiva in 1738-1780s, and 25 October Avenue in 1918-44 so named in memory of the October Revolution of 1917
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Niva (Field), journal
NIVA (The Field), an illustrated weekly journal of literature, politics and modern life, which appeared from 1870 through to 1917, in A. F. Marx's publishing house (until 1904) consecutively under the editorships of : V. P. Klyushnikov, F. N
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Omnibus
OMNIBUS (lat. omnibus - for all), a multi-seater horse-powered vehicle, the first public city route of trackless transportation. First omnibuses started operating in the summer of 1830, running from St
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Pavements
PAVEMENTS have been built in St. Petersburg since the early 18th century. The first pavements were made of boards, later various paving materials were applied, including planks, cobblestones, asphalt, woodblocks, granite, metal, road metal (pebbles)
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Public Halls (entry)
PUBLIC HALLS, a special premise for informal mass events. The first public hall was arranged in banker A.A. Ral's house (On the Moika River Embankment, beside Red Bridge; not preserved)
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Pushkin Alexander Sergeevich (1799-1837), poet
PUSHKIN Alexander Sergeevich (1799-1837, St. Petersburg), poet, prose writer, playwright, historian, journalist. Studied at the Imperial Lyceum at Tsarskoe Selo (1811-17; memorial plaque; presently a memorial museum)
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Settlements(entry)
SETTLEMENTS (sloboda), St. Petersburg settlements set on separate territories and featuring homogeneous social structure. The population of a settlement is united by occupation, estate, parentage or religion
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Tchaikovsky P.I., (1840-1893), composer
TCHAIKOVSKY Peter Ilyich (1840-1893, St. Petersburg), composer, conductor, pedagogue, musical writer. Director of the Moscow branch of the Russian Musical Society (1885), member of the Paris Academy of Fine Arts
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Tolstoy L.N. (1828-1910), writer
TOLSTOY Lev Nikolaevich (Leo Tolstoy) (1828-1910), Count, writer, associate (1873) and honorary member (1900) of the Petersburg Academy of Sciences. He first came to St
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Ulanova G.S., (1910-1998), ballet dancer
ULANOVA Galina Sergeevna (1910, St. Petersburg - 1998), dancer, pedagogue, Hero of Socialist Labor (1974, 1980), People"s Artist of the USSR (1951). Graduating from the Leningrad Choreographic School under A.Y
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Uvarov S.S. (1786-1855), statesman
UVAROV Sergey Semenovich (1786, St. Petersburg (?) - 1855), Count (1846), statesman, Full Privy Councilor (1838), senator, Member of State Assembly (1826), Fellow of the Russian Academy (1831). Educated at home
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Vavilov N.I., (1887-1943), biologist
VAVILOV Nikolay Ivanovich (1887-1943), geneticist, plant-breeder, science official, public figure, Member of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR (1929), Member of the Academy of Sciences of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic (1929)
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Vienna Restaurant
VIENNA restaurant opened in the 1870s by entrepreneur F.I. Rotin in his house at the corner of 8 Gorokhovaya Street and 13 Malaya Morskaya Street (rebuilt in 1875-77, architect I.P. Maas)
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Winter Palaces
WINTER PALACES. The first Winter Palace, "a small house of Dutch design ", was constructed in March of 1708 for Tsar Peter the Great on the left bank of the Neva River in a row of the houses for Admiralty department officials
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