Возврат на главную страницу Возврат на главную страницу Возврат на главную страницу Возврат на главную страницу Возврат на главную страницу
Entries / Leningrad Soviet

Leningrad Soviet


Categories / City Administration/Government Bodies

LENINGRAD SOVIET (Leningrad City Soviet of People"s Deputies), the supreme authority on the terriory of Leningrad. It originated from Petrograd Soviet of working people and soldiers" deputies founded on February 27 (March 12 New Style), 1917 as a body of revolutionary authority (used to be quartered in Taurida Palace, as of August of 1917, in Smolny). Following October of 1917, Petrograd Soviet became the supreme authority in the city (Central City Duma and its board were soon disbanded). On November 17 (30 New Style), 1917 departments in charge of various branches of municipal economy were established under the Executive committee of Petrograd Soviet. After the Soviet Government had been transferred to Moscow (March of 1918), Petrograd Soviet changed its name to Petrograd Labour Commune. The functions of the Executive Committee were performed by Commissars" Soviet, and Executive Committee departments were transformed into commissariats (in charge of education, finances, press and agitation, municipal services, justice, foodstuffs, the military district of Petrograd, national economy matters, social assistance, means of communication). In early 1919, Petrograd Soviet was restored in its original form, and during the Civil War it was in charge of providing fuel and food supplies to the city, fought epidemics, after the war it was engaged in the recovery of municipal industry and economy. At the 10th united congress of the Soviets of Working People", Peasants" and Red Army Deputies of Petrograd and the Province on August 2, 1920 the resolution on the amalgamation of Provincial Executive Committee and City Executive Committee was adopted. The supreme authority of local administration was delegated to the Provincial Congress of the Soviets of Working People", Peasants" and Red Army Deputies, summoned twice a year. A unified executive body was established, Provincial Executive Committee, in charge of all matters from congress to congress; Petrograd Soviet retained the supreme authority of Petrograd local government in the interim. On January 26, 1924, Petrograd changed its name to Leningrad, and Petrograd Soviet became Leningrad Soviet. In 1931 its structure was changed: the single department of communal services was replaced with single-purpose bureaus (in charge of transportation, water sewerage system, road and bridge facilities, provision of urban amenities etc.), commanding over corresponding trusts. In December of 1939 the Soviet changed its name to Leningrad City Soviet of Working People"s Deputies. Since the beginning of the Great Patriotic War of 1941-45 Leningrad Soviet was actually subordinated to the Military Soviet of Leningrad Front; it organized defense works at the approaches to Leningrad, the conversion of the industry to production of armament, ammunition and military equipment. The Soviet also took part in forming of levy, population evacuation, as well as recovery of cultural property and enterprise equipment, organized the calculation and distribution of foodstuffs (for this purpose the Special City Board was founded in Autumn of 1941). With the involvement of Leningrad Soviet a network of hospitals and preventative distrophy clinics was established. In the spring of 1942, Leningrad Soviet initiated the sanitation of the city which saved Leningrad from the danger of epidemics. In May of 1944, the session of Leningrad Soviet adopted the municipal economy reconstruction plan. In 1945, the former Mariinsky Palace became a residence for Leningrad Soviet. In the second half of the 1940s - early 1950s the primary efforts of Leningrad Soviet were focused on the reconstruction of the city; in the meantime the works for natural gas and heat supply systems residential houses, works for the restoration of palace-and-park ensembles in the suburbs of Leningrad had started. In 1991, the Executive Committee of Leningrad Soviet of Working People"s Deputies was abolished, and all municipal affairs were transferred to the City Administration. In 1994 the Soviet of St. Petersburg People"s Deputies was reorganized into Legislative Assembly of St. Petersburg (see also the Municipal Government). The name of Leningrad Soviet (Lensovet in abbreviated form) is borne by the Academic Theatre and Recreation Centre (since 1960, formerly Recreation Centre of Industrial cooperation). The chairmen of Petrograd Soviet (or the executive committee of Leningrad Soviet of Working People"s Deputies) were: N.S. Chkheidze (February through August of 1917), L.D. Trotsky (September through November of 1917), G.E. Zinovyev (December of 1917 - November of 1926), N.P. Komarov (1926-29), I.F. Kodatsky (1929-36), V.I. Shestakov (January through February of 1937), A.N. Pokrovsky (1937-38), A.N. Kosygin (1938-39), P.S. Popkov (1939-46), P.G. Lazutin (1946-49), A.A. Kuznetsov (July of 1949 - July of 1950), P.F. Ladanov (1950-54), N.I. Smirnov (1954-62), V.Y. Isaev (1962-66), A.A. Sizov (1966-72), V.I. Kazakov (1973-76), L.N. Zaykov (1976-83), V.Y. Khodyrev (1983-90). In 1990 A.A. Sobchak was elected chairman of Leningrad Soviet, and A.A. Shchelkanov was elected chairman of the Executive Committee of Leningrad Soviet of Working People"s Deputies.

References: Петров Г. Ф. Дворец у Синего моста: Мариинский дворец в С.-Петербурге. СПб., 2001; Руководители Санкт-Петербурга. СПб.; М., 2003. С. 367-390.

I. A. Bogdanov.

Persons
Chkheidze Nikolay Semenovich
Isaev V.Ya.
Kazakov Vasily Ivanovich
Khodyrev Vladimir Yakovlevich
Kodatsky Ivan Fedorovich
Komarov Nikolay Pavlovich (real name Sobinov Fedor Evgenievich)
Kosygin Alexey Nikolaevich
Kuznetsov Alexey Alexandrovich
Ladanov Peter Fedorovich
Lazutin Peter Georgievich
Petrovsky Alexey Nikolaevich
Popkov Peter Sergeevich
Shchelkanov Alexander Alexandrovich
Shestakov Vasily Ivanovich
Sizov Alexander Alexandrovich
Smirnov Nikolay Ivanovich
Sobchak Anatoly Alexandrovich
Trotsky (real name Bronstein) Lev Davidovich
Zaykov Lev Nikolaevich
Zinovyev Grigory Evseevich

Bibliographies
Петров Г. Ф. Дворец у Синего моста: Мариинский дворец в С.-Петербурге. СПб., 2001

The subject Index
Petrograd Soviet of working people' and soldiers' deputies
Tauride Palace
Smolny Architectural Ensemble
City Duma
Administrative board of the city
Leningrad Front
Mariinsky Palace
City Hall
Legislative Assembly
City Self-Government
Lensovet Theatre

Chronograph
1990


Baths (entry)

BATHS. The first baths in St. Petersburg were built near rivers and other reservoirs, separate from residential houses. About 30 so-called commercial baths were constructed by 1720. Construction was paid for by the Treasury

City Administration (entry)

CITY ADMINISTRATION. The system of City Administration in St. Petersburg from the beginning of the 18th century developed in 2 directions - the city government and self-government (see City self-government). From 1703 the city was governed by A. D

City Self-Government

CITY SELF-GOVERNMENT, elected organs responsible for different aspects of city life. The beginning of City Self-Government was laid by Tsar Peter the Great, who set up the Town council in 1710 in St. Petersburg

Coat of Arms, St. Petersburg

ST. PETERSBURG COAT OF ARMS, an officially approved heraldic emblem. The first known St. Petersburg coat of arms was on the banner of the St. Petersburg Regiment (1712), and showed a heart on the princely mantle beneath a princely crown

Commemorative badge To the Residents of Besieged Leningrad

TO THE RESIDENTS OF BESIEGED LENINGRAD, a commemorative medal, instituted by the Executive Committee of the Leningrad Soviet of 23 January 1989. The decoration was conferred upon those people who lived in Leningrad during the siege of 1941-44 for

Kodatsky I.F. the chairman of Leningrad Soviet in 1929-37

KODATSKY (Kadatsky) Ivan Fedorovich (1893-1937), Soviet statesman and party worker. He graduated from the vocational school in Nikolaev, worked as a turner there, took part in workers' strikes

Komarov N.P. the chairman of Leningrad Soviet in 1926-28

KOMAROV Nikolay Pavlovich (born Fedor Evgenyevich Sobinov) (1886-1937), a statesman and Soviet Party worker. Had been living in St. Petersburg since 1902. In 1912 he graduated from the city 4-grade technical school

Popkov P.S. the 1st secretary of the regional party committee in 1946-49

POPKOV Peter Sergeevich (1903-1950), statesman and party worker. In 1917-25 he worked as a joiner in Vladimir. Since 1925, a member of All-Union Communist Party (bolshevist)

Sewerage System

SEWERAGE SYSTEM, wastewater treatment facilities. In the first quarter of the 18th century as the city territory grew, it was drained, and the system for discharge of surface water was built in the shape of plank-secured ditches along the city

Sobchak A.A. chairman of Leningrad Soviet, mayor in 1990-96

SOBCHAK Anatoly Alexandrovich (1937-2000), statesman and public figure, doctor of law (1982), professor (1982). He graduated from the School of Law of Leningrad State University (1959). Sobchak worked for the Stavropol Regional College of Lawyers

St. Petersburg Flag

ST. PETERSBURG FLAG, one of the official symbols of St. Petersburg. Instituted in 1990 according to a decree by the Leningrad Soviet, then put onto the State Heraldic Register of the Russian Federation (under № 64)

Vyazemsky S.M. (1895-1983, Leningrad), regional ethnographer

VYAZEMSKY Sergey Mikhailovich (1895-1983, Leningrad), collector, regional ethnographer, and historian. He graduated from the Economics Department of Tashkent Institute (1925)