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Alms-houses (entry)
ALMS-HOUSES, boarding institutions for poor, ill and aged people. The first alms-houses set up in St. Petersburg were attached to churches, the first ones being theHoly Ascension Church in Shpalernaya Street (1713) and St
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Basseinaya Street
BASSEINAYA STREET, translated as Pool Street, between Kubinskaya Street and Vitebsky Avenue. The name originated from a canal (pool) that was then in design. The street is roughly in line with the former Azovskaya Street, Erivanskaya Street
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Baths (entry)
BATHS. The first baths in St. Petersburg were built near rivers and other reservoirs, separate from residential houses. About 30 so-called commercial baths were constructed by 1720. Construction was paid for by the Treasury
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Bubyr A.F. (1876-1919), architect
BUBYR Alexey Fedorovich (1876-1919), architect. Graduated from the College of Civil Engineers (1902). Worked at the Department of Empress Maria’s Institutions (since 1903), taught at the College of Civil Engineers
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Bulgarin F.V., (1789-1859), writer, journalist
BULGARIN Faddei Venediktovich (Tadeush) (1789-1859), journalist, prose writer, critic, publisher, Actual Civil Councillor (1857). Graduated from the Polish Gentry Infantry Cadet Corps (School for the Nobility) (1806), served in the Cavalry Guards
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Cadet Corps (entry)
CADET CORPS were military educational secondary boarding schools. Until 1917, they were aimed mainly at the nobility. The education began in cadet corps from the ages of 10-12 (in the 1770s-90s, from 5-8), and lasted seven to fifteen years
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Chernov D.K., (1839-1921), Metallurgist
Chernov Dmitry Konstantinovich (1839, St. Petersburg - 1921), scientist of metallurgy. He graduated from St. Petersburg Technological Institute (1858), and later taught there in 1859-68 (26/49 Moskovsky Avenue; commemorative plaque)
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City Clock
CITY CLOCK. The very first mechanical clock in the city was installed in 1704 in the tower of wooden St. Peter and Paul Cathedral. In 1710, the first striker clock (with chimes) was set up on the belfry of the Church of St
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Civil Engineers Society
CIVIL ENGINEERS SOCIETY was founded in 1894 to commemorate the 50th anniversary of the Civil Engineers Institute (CEI, today, St. Petersburg State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering) foundation. It was situated at 29 Moskovsky Avenue
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Dargomyzhsky А.S., (1813-1869), composer
DARGOMYZHSKY Alexander Sergeevich (1813-1869, St. Petersburg), composer. Lived in St. Petersburg from 1817. Educated at home, similarly receiving a musical education. He learned to play the piano under composer and pianist F
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Elektrosila Plant
ELEKTROSILA (139 Moskovsky Prospect), an open joint-stock company from 1992, the largest power engineering plant in Russia. Founded in 1898, it was a unit of Siemens-Galske Company, situated at 34 First Line, Vasilievsky Island
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Enlightenment, publishing house, 1896-1922
ENLIGHTENMENT, a joint-stock publishing company which functioned in 1896-22. The publishing house was established by N.S. Tsetlin, a public figure and entrepreneur, together with the German Bibliographic Institute Company of J. Meyer
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Exchanges
EXCHANGES, regular wholesale markets where goods or securities are sold are called commodity exchanges and stock exchanges, respectively. The first Russian exchange, which remained the only exchange till the late 18th century
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Favorsky А.Е., (1860-1945), chemist
FAVORSKY Alexey Evgrafovich (1860-1945), chemist, member of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR (1929), Hero of Socialist Labour (1945). He graduated from the department of natural science of the Faculty of Mathematics and Physics of St
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Fire Safety
FIRE SAFETY. In the city's early days, all citizens were responsible for St. Petersburg fire safety. Soldiers of the Petersburg Garrison regularly took part in fire-extinguishing exercises
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Fire Towers
FIRE TOWERS ('kalancha') are a trivial name for watchtowers, from which special watchmen watched for the inception of fires, beginnings of floods, etc. In St. Petersburg
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Fomin I.I. (1904 - 1989), architect
FOMIN Igor Ivanovich (1904-1989, Leningrad), an architect, People's Architect of the USSR (1971), Corresponding Member of the Academy of Arts of the USSR (1979). Son of I.A. Fomin
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Fontanka, river
FONTANKA (known as Bezymyanny Erik until 1712-14), river, a branch in the Neva river delta, which crosses the central part of the city. The river flows from the Neva on the left, beside the Summer Garden
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Free Economic Society
FREE ECONOMIC SOCIETY, the Imperial Free Economic Society for the Encouragement of Farming and Housebuilding in Russia, the oldest Russian scientific society. It was founded in 1765 by large landowners striving for higher agricultural efficiency;
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Frunzensky Supermarket
FRUNZENSKY SUPERMARKET (60 Moskovsky Avenue) is a monument of architecture built in 1934-38 (architects E. I. Katonin, L. S. Katonin, E. M. Sokolov, K. L. Iogansen, engineer S. I
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Fur Auction
FUR AUCTION, international, fur sales traditionally held in St. Petersburg (Leningrad) three to four times a year since 1931. The sales are organised by Soyuzpushnina Foreign Trade Company, Moscow, and its branch in St. Petersburg
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Gakkel Y.M., (1874-1945), Engineer Designer
GAKKEL Yakov Modestovich (1874-1945) was a designer. He was an honored worker of science and technology of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (1940)
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Garin-Mikhailovsky N.G. (1852-1906), writer
GARIN N. (real name Mikhailovsky Nikolay Georgievich) (1852, St. Petersburg - 1906, ibidem). Writer, railway engineer. Graduated from Railway Engineering Institute (1878; today University of Lines of Communication, 9 Moscow Avenue - memorial plaque)
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Gas Supply Services
GAS SUPPLY SERVICES. The first gas-generating retort installations in Russia appeared in St. Petersburg in the early 19th century. Initially gas was used for lighting. In 1819 the first gas lamps were lit on Aptekarsky Island
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Gegello A.I. (1891-1965), architect.
GEGELLO Alexander Ivanovich (1891-1965), architect. Resided in St. Petersburg since 1910. Graduated from the College of Civil Engineers (1920) and from the Academy of Fine Arts, Higher School of Art and Technology (1923)
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Glinka M.I., (1804-1857), composer
GLINKA Mikhail Ivanovich (1804-1857), composer. Lived in St. Petersburg from 1817; in 1818-22, studied at the Noble Boarding School of the Main Pedagogical Institute (164 Fontanka River Embankment). Glinka's tutor was W.K. Kuchelbecker
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Graftio H. O., (1869-1949), Electrical Engineer
GRAFTIO Heinrich Osipovich (1869-1949, Leningrad) was a scientist, electrical engineer, academician of Academy of Sciences of the USSR (1932). Graftio graduated from Novorossiisky University in Odessa (1892) and from St
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Herzen A.I. (1812-1870), revolutionary publicist
HERZEN Alexander Ivanovich (1812-1870), revolutionary, publicist, writer, philosopher. He graduated from the Faculty of Physics and Mathematics at Moscow University (1833). He came to St
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Historical style (Eclecticism)
HISTORICAL STYLE (Eclecticism), architectural style of the 1830s-90s. The sense of Eclecticism is the free choice or the amalgamation of methods and motifs of a variety of historical styles, associatively expressing the purpose of buildings
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Houses of Soviets (entry)
HOUSES OF SOVIETS. A new type of social (administrative) buildings, designed by Soviet architects to house local (district) government organs, including the executive committee of the district council (and services subjected to it)
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Houses of Specialists (entry)
HOUSES OF SPECIALISTS. New buildings constructed after a decision taken by the city administration to transform Leningrad into the model socialist city. Houses of Specialists were constructed for workers from different branches of the economy
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Ilyin L.A. (1880-1942), architect.
ILYIN Lev Alexandrovich (1880-1942), architect, Fellow of the Academy of architecture of the USSR (as of 1941). He studied at the College of Civil Engineers (1897-1909) and at the Academy of Fine Arts (1903-04). He was a member of the Old St
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Katonin E.I. (1889-1984), architect
KATONIN Evgeny Ivanovich (1889–1984), architect, graphic artist, member of the Academy of Architecture of Ukraine (1956). Graduated from the Academy of Fine Arts (1918)
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Khrenov A. S. (1860-1926), architect
KHRENOV Alexander Sergeevich (1860, St. Petersburg - 1926), architect and aquarellist. Graduated from St. Petersburg Academy of Fine Arts (1884). In 1888, assumed the position of architect of St
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Kibalchich N.I. (1853-1881), revolutionary, inventor
KIBALCHICH Nikolay Ivanovich (1853-1881, St. Petersburg), participant of the revolutionary movement, inventor. On graduating from Novgorod-Seversk Gymnasium (1871), entered the Institute of Communications Engineers
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Konovalov D.P., (1956-1929), chemist
KONOVALOV Dmitry Petrovich (1856-1929, Leningrad), chemist, Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences (1923) and the Academy of Sciences of the USSR (1925). Graduated from the St. Petersburg Mining Institute in 1878
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Krasnoarmeiskie Streets, First - Thirteenth
KRASNOARMEISKAYA STREETS, FIRST - THIRTEENTH (until 1923, the First - Twelfth Roty, and Zarotnaya Street). First - Seventh Krasnoarmeiskaya Streets are located between Moskovsky Avenue and Izmailovsky Avenue; Eighth Krasnoarmeiskaya Street
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Lebedev S.V., (1874-1934), chemist
LEBEDEV Sergey Vasilievich (1874-1934), chemist, member of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR (1932). Graduated from the Department of Natural Science of the Faculty of Physics and Mathematics of the University of St. Petersburg in 1900
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Leninets, holding
LENINETS (212 Moskovsky Avenue), the first holding company in Russia founded in 1992 on the basis of enterprises specialising in development and manufacture of radio electronics
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Leninsky Avenue
LENINSKY AVENUE, running between Doblesti Street and Moskovskaya Square, part of the Central Circular Highway. It connects Yugo-Zapad and Ulyanka settlement, and Dachny and Moskovsky Avenues. The avenue, named in 1977 after V.I
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Levinson E.A. (1894-1968), architect
LEVINSON Evgeny Adolfovich (1894-1968, Leningrad), architect and artist, Associate of the Academy of Architecture of the USSR (from 1941), Doctor of Architecture (1946)
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Ligovsky Avenue
IGOVSKY AVENUE, running between Nekrasova Street and Moskovsky Avenue. Known as Ligovskaya Street until 1956. Constructed along the Ligovsky Canal track (hence the name) starting in 1891
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Ligovsky Canal
LIGOVSKY CANAL was constructed to supply drinking water to St. Petersburg under the project of Grigory Skornyakov-Pisarev in 1718-21. Originally, it was 23 km long, 2-4 meters bottom-wide and 1-2 meters deep
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Lines of Communication, Chief Administration for
LINES OF COMMUNICATION, CHIEF ADMINISTRATION FOR, a central public institution in charge of construction and maintenance of communication routes on water and land
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Lishnevsky A.L., (1868-1942), architect
LISHNEVSKY Alexander Lvovich (1868-1942), architect, a noted Art Nouveau and Neoclassical artist. He graduated from the Academy of Arts in 1892, and worked in the Ukraine for some time. From 1901, he lived in St. Petersburg
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Melnikov P.P. (1804-1880), engineer
MELNIKOV Pavel Petrovich (1804-1880, Luban, St. Petersburg province), engineer, statesman, Engineer-General (1869), Honoured Member of the Petersburg Academy of Sciences (1858)
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Mendeleev D.I., (1834-1907), chemist
MENDELEEV Dmitry Ivanovich (1834-1907, St. Petersburg), chemist, teacher and public figure, Associate of the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences (1876). Graduated from the Main Pedagogical Institute of St. Petersburg in 1855
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Mendeleev Metrology Institute
MENDELEEV METROLOGY INSTITUTE, situated at 19 Moskovsky Avenue. It originates from the Depot of Standard Weights and Measures founded in 1842 and reorganised into the Head Office of Weights and Measures in 1893 and the All-Union Institute of
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Metochions (entry)
METOCHIONS of monasteries and eparchies of the Russian Orthodox Church. In 1715, by order of Tsar Peter the Great, the metochions of St. Sergius Trinity Monastery (from 1744
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Military Colleges (entry)
MILITARY COLLEGES, military high schools for training army officers. They appeared in the early 19th century. Reorganised and unified in 1859-64, they had uniform admission rules, curriculum and organisation
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Moscow Triumphal Arch
MOSCOW TRIUMPHAL ARCH built in 1834-38, designed by architect V.P. Stasov, stands on the intersection of Moskovsky Avenue and Ligovsky Avenue in commemoration of the Russian military victories in the Russo-Turkish War of 1828-29
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Moskovskaya Square
MOSKOVSKAYA SQUARE, in the south part of Moskovsky Avenue, at its intersection with Leninsky Avenue and Tipanova Street. Occupying the territory of 13 hectares, it is recognised as the largest square in St. Petersburg
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Moskovskaya Zastava
MOSKOVSKAYA ZASTAVA, the historical name of the north part of present-day Moskovsky District. The name originates from the post that existed at the intersection of Moscow road and Ligovsky Canal
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Moskovskoe Freeway
MOSKOVSKOE FREEWAY, between Pobedy Square and line of the Circular Railway, continues Moskovsky Avenue. It appeared in the first quarter of the 18th century as the road to Sarskaya Myza (Tsarskoe Selo) and further on to Novgorod and Moscow (in the
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Moskovsky Avenue
MOSKOVSKY AVENUE (in 1918-50 - Mezhdunarodny Avenue, in 1950-56 - Stalina Avenue, after I.V. Stalin), from Sennaya Square to Pobedy Square, one of the main thoroughfares of St
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Moskovsky District
MOSKOVSKY DISTRICT is an administrative territorial unit of St. Petersburg. (Its territory administration is located at 129 Moskovsky Avenue) It was founded in 1919, and its present-day borders were established in 1965
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Moskovsky Park of Victory
MOSKOVSKY PARK OF VICTORY (188 Moskovsky Avenue) is located in the south of St. Petersburg, between Moskovsky Avenue and Gagarin Avenue. A project of a district Park of Culture and Recreation
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Neoclassicism
NEOCLASSICISM, a traditionalist movement of the first half of the 20th century architecture, based on the assimilation of 18th - early 19th century Russian architecture. In St
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Neprintsev Y.M., (1909-1996), Artist
NEPRINTSEV Yury Mikhailovich (1909-1996, St. Petersburg) painter and graphic artist, people's artist of the USSR (1965), full member of the Academy of Arts of the USSR (1970). He lived in Leningrad from 1934
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Novo-Moskovsky Bridge
NOVO-MOSKOVSKY BRIDGE, over Obvodny Canal, along the line of Moskovsky Avenue. The bridge was built in 1808-1816 (architect V.I. Hastie), the span was covered by cast-iron tubbing vaults and rubble abutments faced with granite
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